ARSC page 53 Aelis mar Robert I. dau of Hugh, Count of Tours + Bava.

ARSC p 91 Duke of France + Burgundy, Marquis of Oleans,Count of Amiens, Chaumont, Paris, Valvis, + Vermandois. Leader of the First Crusade MC page 183 Hugh Magnus m Adelheid dau of Herbert IV Count of Vermandois He was son of Henry I of France + Anne of Russia RB page 216+ calls him Prince Hugh Magnus m Adela, Their son Henry I, king of France mar Anne of Russia dau of Grand Duke of Russia. Parents of Isabel mar Robert Beaumont. ARD page 339 Hugh the Great Count of Vermandois who had by his 3rd wife Lady Adelheld, dau of Herbert II count of Vermandois, Lady Isabel de Vermandois who mar (1) Robert de Bellomont, Earl of Mellent created in 1108 Earl of Leicester + had Lady Elizabeth de Bellomont mar G ilvert Fitz Gilbert de Clare created in 1138 Ealr of Pembroke d 1149 ARSC page 61 Hugh Magnus d 1001 son of Henry I + Anne of Kiev, mar Adelaide de Vermandois PCD page 18 Isabel de Vermandois is dau of Adelaide m Hugh the Great. Leader of first Crusade, son of Henry I of France and Anne dau of Yeraslav I. ibid page 18 Hugh the Great, Leader of first Crusade son of Henry I of France and Anne dau of Yoraslav I. Hugh mar Adelaide de Vermandois. Parents of Isabel de vermandois.

FMA gen chart 1 Hugh the Great son of Robert I + Beatrice dau of Herbert I of Vermandois m Hedwig. Father of Hugh

FMA page In Neustria Charles the Simple had attempted to strengthen Rollo's bonds of personal loyalty by this means (personal oaths of fidelity and acts of homage) at the same period; a little later Hugh the Great did the same with Richard of Normandy.

FMA page 83 As for Rollo's grandson, Richard I...he governed Normandy 'like a kinnng, subject to no one but God, and servant of neither king nor duke' (a clear reference to Hugh the Great, duke of the Franks, father of Hugh Capet). ibid page 19 When Louis IV died in 954, his son Lother was only 12 years old and his rights were protected by his maternal uncles, the Emperor Otto I and Bruno, archbishop of Cologne...They advised their sister Gerberga, Louis IV's widow to request 'aid and counsel' from Hugh, then 'duke of the Gauls' and vice- regent of Francia...The situation was more complicated in 987 when Louis V died only a year aftr his fther, Lothar. He had no sons, and his paternal uncle, Charles, might have been chosen, had it not been for his marriage to a woman of less noble birth. An assembly of the lords of the kingdom at Senlis, presided over by the archbishop of Rheims, rejected Charles's claims on these grounds, and chose instead Hugh, known as 'Capet' , who possessed all the nec- essary moral and physical qualities. Hugh was duly elected and consecrated. Hugh the great had been the son of one king ofthe Franks (Robert I) and the nephew of another (Odo). Admittedly, he had not succeeded to a kingdom. When his brother-in-law King Ralph died in 936, Hugh the Great had played a major role in securing the succession of Louis IV, therby re-establishing the Carolingian dynasty...Hugh the Great held the important monasteries of St Denis and St Germain-des-Pres. In practice, it was he who ruled the lands of Clovis.

GAOB Hugh Magnus the Great, father of Hugh Capet.

ARSC page 61 Hugh The Great Magnus father of Hugh Capet.

PCD p. 124 Hugh the Great surnamed the White, Duke of France, Count of Paris Death Date Imported:abt 17Jun- 1 Jul 956

Humeric King of the Vandals mar Eudoxia the Younger. Parents of Hilderic MC page 160+ Eudoxia dau of Valentinian III wife of Hunneric who d 480 They were parents of Hilda wife of Frode VII

Ruled Dyfed. Had some submission to Aethelstan as he paid tribute. He paid homage to Edward the Elder. Made pilgrimage to Rome 928. Hwyell Dda set down a new code of laws. He was not warlike, but learned and interested in law. He made a pilgrimage to Rome 928. There he was impressed by the laws and sent letters to all the princes of Wales summoning them to a meeting at a large hunting lodge in Carmarthenshire. Most came. The meeting lasted several weeks and was one of the most famous meetings in Welsh history. They wrote a code of laws after examining the prevailing laws and customs. This code gave the Welsh a law common to everyone and gave the people a feeling of belonging to one nation. It was a very humane code. Wars went on, but the feeling of nationalism lasted. When he died peace came to an end. Brother to Clydog c 920. He was a great admirer of Alfred the Great

The Celts" page 99 He seems to have acquired a mint, and he regularly when Athelstan summoned the subreguli to the meetings of his Witan or council, where they regularized grants of land, and from 928 to 949 his name always appears in the first place wherever the Welsh princes appear among the witnesse He was apparently a great admirer of Alfred the Great, visited Rome, and called his son Edward, probably as a ompliment to the son of Edward the Elder, who died in 933. In the Anglo=Saxon Chronicle we read that Hywel of the West Welsh, and in fact the whole of South Wales, submitted to Athelstan,...Every thing testifies to his English sympathies. He died in 949 or 950.

DWB page 406 Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good) (D. 950), king and legislator. He was generally called "Hywel the Good, son of Cadel, prince of all Wales" ... He was the only Welsh prince to have been called "the Good". He was b towards the end of the 9th cen but the place of his birth in unknown. He m Elen, dau of Llywarch ap Hyfaidd of Dyfred, who brought him Dyfed (modern Pembrokeshire) as her dower... He became "king of all Wales" HIs pilgrimage to Rome in 928 was one of the outstanding incidents in his life. It has been suggested that in this respect he was only following Alfred's example and it may well be that it was Alfred's work in England which induced him to undertake his most important task, the codification of the jumble of laws and customs prevailing in his kingdom... His reknown is based on his work as a legislator...Hywel's law was responsible for the consciousness of national unity prevalent among the Welsh of the Middle Ages. Hywel d in 949-950.

BGRF p. 323 Hywel Dda (the Good) King of all Wales, suc as King of Dyfed 904, King of Seisylwwg 909, King of Gwynedd 942. Did homage to King Edward the Elder 918 + to King Athelstan 926. Went on pilgrimage to Rome 928 + was the only Welch ruler to mint his own coinage of silver pennies. M ca 904 Elen, dau and heiress of Llywarch ap Hyfaidd, King of Dyfed + d 950 leaving 1. Rhodri 2 Edwin 3. Owain

1ounger brother of Elisedd 886

ARSC page 2 AD 718 This year died Ingild, the brother of Ina Ina reigned 37 winters, fought at Wanborough, 715, + in 728 "went to Rome, and there gave up the ghost." AD 688 Ina was son of Cenred. Died 718 ...Ingild was father of Eoppe. Ingild was the brother of Ina, King of West Saxons who held that kingdom 37 winters + afterwards went to St. Peter's where he died. And they were sons of Cenred. MC page 169 Ingeld d 718 son of Cenred + father of Eoppa

GAOB King Ingiald, Ill-Ruler lived 7th c. father of Olaf "Tree Hewer" King of Vermaland in Norway.

SK page 190 Blithilde dau of Clothaire I King of France and his wife Ingonde. Grandaughter of Clovis the Great King of France b 466 bpt at Rheims 496 d 511 MC page 206 Clothaire I, born 497, died 561, who married Ingolde and had Chilperic I. F p. 155+' Not proven' should probabaly also be the verdict on the third burial found in 1959: the grave of Arnegund from St-Denis. ...Sufficient fragments of clothing survived to enable a reconstruction of her clothing to be made. ...It was her ring - not a seal-ring, but nevertheless inscribed with a name - which identified her as Arnegund, and the monogram in the centre was almost immediately deciphered as REGINA, queen, which allowed the identification of the body as that of Queen Aregund, the third wife of King Chlothar I, who probably died in the late 560s. Gregory of Tours described how Queen Ingund had asked her husband Chlothar to find a suitable husband for her sister Aregund, and Chlothar saw her, 'in amore Aregundis incedit', and announced to Ingund that the most suitable man available was himself.

Isabella is dau of David, Earl of Huntingdon + Maud dau of Hugh de Keveliioc

The Franks p 136 One of the most important nunneries in the area was founded, by Itta, the widow of Pippin I, Dagobert's Mayor of the Palace. The nunnery was Nivelles, and its first abbess was St Gertrude, the first saint belonging to the family.

GAOB Ivarr King of Dublin was son of King Godfrey and brother to Olaf the Young. Father of King Guthorm.

James was closely association with Wallace and Bruce in the course of Scottish independence.

Jaroslav issued first codified civil law of the Kievan State. He m a Swedish Princess. His sister m a Polish king 3 sons m a Polish, a German + a Byzantine princess. 3 Daughters Dobroneva m King of Norway, Anne m King of France, Premyslava m King of Hungary. His sons were Iziaslav, Sviatoslav, Vsavolod d 1093, Viacheslav, + Igor MC page 183 Anne of Russia m Henry I of France. She is dau of Jaroslaus grand dau of Vladimir HOTV page Yaroslav, the best known of all Kievan rulers. Like Svyatoslav, he was a man of inexhaustible enerby, wide and calculating vision, and a sage awareness of what was needed to strengthen the kindom of Novgorod-Kiev and enhance its prestige in the eyes of its nieghbours. He was highly conscious of his Scandinavian connection, married Ingigerd the daughter of Olaf Skorkonung of Sweden, conforted and reinforced the dispossessed Olaf Haraldsson of Norway, gave refuge to the young Magnus Olafsson and to Harald Hardradi after Olaf's defeat at Stiflarstadir, found this latter employment in his army, and was recognized by him as his liege-lord and patron. Finally he gave h im his daughter Elizabeth in marriage. Other daughters were bestowed on other mon- archs, king Andrew I of Hungary, king Henry I of France. Four of his sons married into the courts of Byzantium and Germany. The arts of war and peace were equally dear to him. When in the 1030s he had ground down those ancient foes the Petchenegs he celebrated his victory and the God who gave it by build- ing the first Russian cathedral, his church of St. Sophia, noble enough to have been long mistaken for a copy of St. Sophia in Constantinople...Kievan hold on the Dnieper trade-route was now absolute; it was a time when the nation- al coffers first bulged then overflowed; and the town, henceforth properly to be styled a city, of Kiev was the beneficiary. The heart of the city was walled about with a earthen rampart, with many bastions and gateways; churches arose there, other than St. Sophia, monasteries and schools...He brought in scholars to translate devout and necessary works into the Slavonic tongue;..and he sought to clarify and record the laws. S Vladimir's son Yaroslav married the dau of King Olaf Skolkonung of Sweden and became the father -in-law to King Harald Hardroada of Norway, Andrew I of Hun- gary, and Henry I of France. VRN Page 75 Harald Sigierdsson fled to Kiev when his half brother was killed in 1030 to the court of his kinsman, Yaroslav the Wise, son of Vladimir + prince of Kiev. Under Yaroslav Kiev amassed great wealth, its coffers bursting with the rich returns of a thriving north-south trade. He married Ingegerd, a Swedish princess. His dau Anna became queen of France, Anastasia, Queen of Hungary and youngest Yelisavita, won the heart of young Harold, who was serving in Yaroslav's army. Yaroslav discouraged the match because he did not want his dau to marry a throneless royal. Harold joined the elite Varangian Guard. He became so wealthy that "no one in the Northern lands had seen its equal in the possession of any one man". In 1044 he carted his treasure back to Kiev and laid it at Yaroslav's feet. Yaroslav gave him Yelisaveta's hand and they returned to Norway. Now known as Harald Hardraade or the Ruthless. He and William the Conq. g g g grandson of Rollo wanted the throne of England. Yaroslav's death 1054 was the end of Norseness in the Kievan Kingdom of Russia.

RB page 216+ Joan mar William de Boiwere/Brewyne, their dau Maud mar Sir Thomas ap Rhys Joan dau of William Earl of Devon + Mabel dau of Robert Beaumont + Isabel

WTC + page 29 The relations that had developed...between the ducal house (of Normandy) and Brittany. The future pattern of these relations was in fact set during the first decade of the eleventh century by two notable marriages. The former of these was a union between Hawisa, daughter of Duke Richard I of Normandy, and Geoffrey of Rennes, who was subsequently count of Brittany. The latter was the marriage between Duke Richard II of Normandy and Judith of Brit- tany who was Geoffrey's sister. These two marriages followed closely upon each other, and there is reason to suppose that they were also connected as part of a common disign to safeguard the welfare of the two families. MC page 183 Judith of Britanny d 1018 mar Richard II Duke of Normandy d 1026 dau of Ermengarde + Conan I. Mother of Robert FMA gen chart 6 Richard II count of Rouen m (1) Papia (2) Judth. she was mother of Richard III duke 1-26-1027 + Robert I father or William the Conq

PCD page 251 David I of Scotland mar Maude of Northumberland. She was dau of Waltheof II + Judith de Lens. BGRF page 41 Judith of Lens b 1054 mar Waltheof II, Earl of Northampton. ARSC page 127 Judith of Lens b 1054 m 1070 Waltheof Earl of Huntingdon.

FMA gem chart 1 Judith dau of Charles II the Bald, mar Baldwin I, Count of Flanders. Sister to Louis II the Stammerer ARSC m (2) Aethelwulf, King of England daughter of Charles the Bald

Kenneth II At his death Malcolm II denied the throne. His grandson (or g grandson) Malcolm was installed and later killed by Macbeth SK Ruled 843-860 d 860 Kenneth's ancestors are: Alpin, King of Argyll. Claimed the Pictish throne. Killed 841 Eochaid the Poisonous King of Argyll abt 781 m a sister of Unuist High King of Picts (Urguistice) Aedh the White King of Argyll killed 778 Oechaid King of Dal Riada 726-733 Eochaid King of Dal Riade killed 697 Domangart King of Dal Riada Killed 673 Domnall the Speckled King of Del Riada killed 642 Eochaid the Fair King of Del Riada d 630 Aiden King of Del Riada ordained by St. Colombo Killed 608 Gabhran King of Dal Riada with his chief stronghold at Dunadd killed 559 Domangart King of Dal Riada d 506 Fergus King of Del Riada (North Antrim + Argyll) d 501 with his brothers extended their realm across the Irish Channel to Argyll Erc King of Del Riada N Antrim in Ireland DSH LIN HC CB page 92 The history of Scotland, as a separate nation within Britain, conventionally begins about AD 841-43, when Kenneth mac Alpin, king of the (Irish-descended) Scots, became king of the Picts principally by conquest, rather less certainly aided by some claim to the Pictish kingship through his mother... It was not until the early 11th century that Malcolm II, defeating a Northumbrian army, finally acquired all of the eastern Lowlands down to the river Tweed.

HOTV page 398 Knut consort Aelgifu, son Svein d 1035 son Harold Harefoot King of England 1037 married Emma, widow of Ethelred, son Hardaknut At his death in 1035 Knut left three sons, two by his mistress Aelgifu, that Svein whom we have seen expelled from Norway upon the return of Magnus Olafsson, and Harald nicknamed Harefoot, and a third, Hordaknut, the issue of his marriage to Emma, widow of ..Ethelred. It was Knut's intention that both England and Denmark should be ruled by his one legitimate heirs, Hordaknut but even if all parties, factions, kingdoms, mothers, and half brothers had been in full agreement, this was impracticable. Hordaknut already bore the title king of Denmark and was resident there. It was to him that the discredited Svein, Aelgifu's son, fled for refuge in the autumn of 1035, and it was at Hordaknut's court that he died a few months later. This still left Harald Harefoot, then resident in England. ..Hordaknut could not come to England be- cause of trouble with Denmark. There was a compromise...the election of a king was postponed, Harald Harefoot was made regent, and Hordaknut's mother Emms remained in charge of Knut's treasure-chest and some of his house carles in Winchester. But the arrangement was not expected to last...Aelgifu's maternal ambitions, were intensified on behalf of Harald; Knut's treasure was seized, a "kings's party' rapidly and efficiently established, Emma's chidf supporter, earl Godwine, suborned or other wise brought over, and Emma's son by Ethelred, Alfred the Aetheling, betrayed and so horribly ill-treated that he died of the blinding. In 1037 Harald was recognized as king of England and Emma driven from the country to seek refuge with Count Baldwin of Flanders. Harald died 17 March 1040. ... In 1042 Hordaknut died...he suddenly fell to the ground with a horrible convulsion; and those who were near ..took hold of him, but he never spoke again, and passed away on 8 June. HOTV Knut's brother Harald, King of Denmark d 1018-19. Knut mar Emma Ethelred's widow and dau of Richard II. Knut was a peace-bringer, legislator, administrator, statesman + politician, and a patron of the Church. He was tall, strong, fair-haired, keen-eyed, bountiful, valiant + all conquering, slightly bent which somewhat marred his good looks. He was a man of great good luck in everything to do with power.

BGRF page 41 Adelaide of Normandy (sister of Wm. Conq.) mar Lambert, Count de Lens. ARSC page 127 Lambert of Boulougne, Count of Lens d 1054 at the battle of Lille. Mar Adelaide of Normandy d 1090 - Sister of Wm Conq.

ARSC page 53 Lambertus (Lambert II) living 690 dead 741. Father of Rupert I Count of Upper Rhine + Wormgau.

WYC page 166 (King) Edward had to...reconcile the bitter rivalries of his great earls- Siward of Northumbria, Leofric of Mercia, and Godwine of Wessex. ibid page 171 In 1057 two other deaths were to take place...Earl Leofric of Mercia passed from the scene, leaving his earldom to his son Aelfgar.

PCD page 18 Leigarde dau of Robert I king of France + Adele. Mar Herbert II, parents of Albert I the Pious ibid page 202 Herbert II mar Liegarde dau of Robert I + Adele. ARSC page 53 Hildebrante (Liegarde) dau of Robert I by (1) wife, mar Herbert III.

MC page 162 Lleuver Mawr Lucius the Great great grandson of Caradoc. He was baptized at Winchester by his father's first cousin St. Timothy who suffered martyrdom at age 90 on 22 Aug AD 139. When in AD 170 Lucius succeeded to the throne of Britian he became the first Christian King in the world. He founded the first church at Llandoff and changed the established religion of Britain from Duidism to Christianity. He d 181 leaving an only recorded child, a daughter, Gladys. King Lleuver Mawr the 2nd Blessed Sovereign (Cadwallader was the 3rd).

MC page 160+ Llyr (King Lear) educated in Rome by Augustus Caesar.

PCD p 284 Chapter LXIV Lotharius I son of Louis I, father of Lotharius II.

PCK s84 Chapter LXIV Lotharius II son of Lotharius I, father of Princess Bertha of Lorraine mar Theoabald Count of Arles.

FMA gen chart 1 Louis II the Stammerer ruled 877-879 son of Charles II the Bald.

PEP page 124 FMA gen chart 2 - 4 Louis Vi the Fat began to rule 1108 on the death of his brother Philip I. Louis m (1) Luciene of Rochefort (2) Adelaide of Maurienne He was son of Henry I and father of 1. Louis VII m (1)Eleanor of Aquitaine (2) Constance of Castile (3) Adela of Champagne 2. Isabella (illigitimate) 3. Philip 4. Henry archbishop of Rheims 5. Robert I count of Dreux + Braine 6. Hugh 7. Constance m (1) Eustace IV of Blois, count of Boulogne 8. Peter I of Courtenay all by his (2) wife.

ibid page 107 In the early 12th c Louis VI raised the oriflamme, the banner of St Denis, to show...that he owed homage to the saint. ibid page 125 Louis VI, nicknamed 'the Fat', is much better known than his father - partly because there was progress in all fields during his reign, but above all because Abbot Suger of St Denis wrote his biography

ibid page 127. This was 1108, the year of Philip I's death and Louis' own hasty cornation. When Louis raised his banner against the duke of Normandy after his cornation in 1109, he wanted it to be known that henceforth he was supported in his peace-keeping endeavours not only by the naturally predatory knights, but also by the 'poor'

ibid page 129 Louis describes himself as 'king of France' (no longer 'king of the Franks') and the 'special son of the Church of Rome', words which conjured up the ancient ties between Clovis and the Catholic bishops and between Pippin and the Pope, ties which now bound the French king closely to the reformed Church.

ibid page 140 The king of France worked for the peace of the kingdom under the protection of his lord St Denis, the sub-tenant of God. LKouis VI continued with this task as long as he could ride. (In 1135 he handed this responsibility over to his second son, Louis, whom he had crowned at Rheims)

ibid page 204 Louis VI was interred beneath a plain slab at St Denis.... Louis VII's widow had wnted to cover his tomb with gold, silver and jewels.

LKQF Louis VI the fat b abt 10881 was deeply religious. m (1) Lucience of Rochefortt m (2) Adelaide of Savoy. Sons Philip died in riding accident; Louis VII m Eleanor of Aquitaine dau of Duke of Aquitaine had 2 dau. Other children of Louis VI: Robert, Count of Dreux; Pierre de Courtenay (descendents ruled in Constantinople); Henry, a Cistercian Bishop of Beauvais + Rouenn;; Philip Bishop of Paris in 1139; Constance, Countess of Toulause.

ARSC page 61 This source has Louis VI as son of Philip I, who was son of Henry I King of France + Anne of Kiev.

KQOB p. 21 Louis VI father of Louis VII, died Aug 1, 1137 of gluttony.

ARSC page 103 PEP page 157 PC page 165 Louis VII King of France d 13 Sept 1180 in Paris bur in a monastery of the Cistercian order called Barbeaux

FMA gen chart 4 Louis VII son of Louis Vi the fat, m (1) Eleanor of Aquitaine (2) Constnce of Castile (3) Adela of Champagne and had by (3) l. Philip II Augustus 2. Alice m William II count of Ponthieu 3. Alice m Theobald V, count of Blois + Chartres 4. Marie m Henry I the Liberal count of Troyes

ibid page 169 One of the tympana of Notre-Dame in Paris depicts Louis VII hold ing in his hand a model of the church which his gifts were helping to rebuild, to the glory of God and for the greater prosperity of his people.

ibid page 173 Louis VII had travelled across the south of France and spent some while at Montpellier on his return from a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. James at Compostella in 1155.

ibid page 182 -189 The concept of the State became increasingly widespread and accepted during the 12th century. At the s ame time there were rapid advances in every discipline - literature, science and philosophy - and the scholrs' view of the world was changing rapidly... The most brilliant of these men were to be found at Paris, where the king had decided to establish his permanent residence. It was here in the reign of Louis VI (1137-80) that a new image of Franch kingship was created. Historians are just beginning to realize that this king was not the feeble monarch of textbooks, whose weakness has tradition- ally been a foil for the achievements of both his father and his son - one, the champion of the French communes; the other, victorious over the Germans. Most chroniclers admittedly speak of Louis as "young", immature and impassioned; demeaned by excessive regard for his wife, Aleanor of Aquitaine, who made a complete fool of him. His reputation was permanently tarnished when she left him taking with her the duchy of Aquitaine.

ibid page 183 He accepted the episcopal ruling of 1152 dissolving the marriage ...Louis was growing older, but he had no male heirs, because Eleanor had given birth only to daughters. The future of the Capetain dynasty was therefore in Jeopardy...Finally their divorce enabled Louis to marry into the couse of Champagne, al alliance which was to bring the French kings incalculable benefits.

ibid 184 Louis VII chose to be buried in his Cistercian foundation at Barbeaux rather than by the shrine of St Denis. Louis VII also welcomed with open arms all prelates from abroad who sought refuge in France...Most notable were Thomas Becket. the exiled archbishop of Canterbury, and Pope Alexander III, driven from Rome.

ibid Page 186 When Louis VII decided to go on a crusade in the East...every- thing changed...When he held solemn court at Bourges at Christmas 1145, the king announced his intention of taking the cross and leading a second general passage himself. No king had ever joined a crusade in person before, but this one would be led by the king of France himself. The French army failed in the East. Contemporaries believed this was because they were defiled by the women who went with them. (Louis VII...took Queen Eleanor with him>) When he returned home to France from Rome...Louis' stature had been increased by his sacrifices and the tribulations he had indured. Soon after he abandoned his incesuous marriage, and was completely absolved...Further pilgrimages to the Grande Chartreuse and to St James of Compostella took him beyond the frontiers of the Franch kingdom. These pilgrimages gave his subjects an opportunity to see, hear and touch the king in regions where he had not been seen for centuries. At Soissons in June 115, Louis VII instituted a ten-year-long general peace, "at the request of chruchmen and on the advice of his barons, to check the

ibid page 188 In the last years of his reign, Louis VII directed all his energies towards the preservation of peace throughout the kingdom. The king of France was not a second David, on the pattern of Charlemagne; rather, he was another Melchizedek, for Melchizedek hd been both king of Salem and priest. ...The exceptionally devout and ascetic Louis VII also clamed to be king and priets, as only the Pope had done since the days of Leo IX. In 1166 the long- awaited son was born to him, and called Philip, after his grandfther. ibid page 189 The great age of cathedral-building in France began in the reign of Louis VII... Louis VII was well aware of his obligations in this sphere and the 200 livres of silver he gave to the bishop of Paris paid for the remarkable choir of Natre-Dame, which was vaulted with arches taller than any built before. The king lived to see the project complete, but died before the high altar was formally consecrated by an envoy of the Pope in 1180. He was buried in the Cistercian abbey of Barbeaux where, for the first time, the distinctive insignia of the sovereign -crown, sceptre and the seal that authenticated the decrees of a general peace - were placed beside the kings' body. Most important of all, however, the funeral ceremony was presided over by Louis VII's heir, the son whom he would have regarded as God's reward for the just and conscientious way in which he had fulfilled his royal office. ardour ofthe wicked and contain the violence of pillagers". ibid 190 Louis VII had delayed his return from the Holy Land in order to make pilgrimages to all the shrines associated with the life of Jesus. ibid page 209 The sacred image of the French monarchy had been firmly establ- ished by Louis VII, and from him Philip inherited the whole-hearted devotion of the French Church, a crucial factor in the balance between king and Papacy.

LKQF Louis VII the Younger m Eleanor of Aquitaine dau of Duke of Aquitaine. 2 daus. Louis d Paris 1137 age 56. Louis VII annuled mar to Eleanor and she m Henry Plantagenet. Louis m (2) Constance of Castile (3) Alix of Champagne. They had son Philip Augustus, dau Margaret m Henry , son of Henry II and dau Alix

ARSC page 98 Louis VII, son of Louis VI, d 1180 mar (1) Eleanor of Aquitaine, (2) Constance of Castile (3) Alix of Champagne.

AE p. 21 Louis VII was well built with long yellow hair and mild blue eyes...He had a humble unworldly manner, but violent rages. He and Eleanor married Sunday, 25 July 1137 in cathedral of St Andre, Bordeaux. On 8 Aug 1137 Eleanor and Louis were consecrated duke and Duchess of Aquitaine.

EA p. 62 Children of Louis VII m (1) Eleanor of m (2) Constance of m (3) Adela of Champagne Aquitaine Castile Marie Alice Margaret Alice Philip II Agnes Henry C of m Theobald V m (1) 1160 m 1195 of France m Alexius Champagne C of Blois Henry, son of William III Emp of of England C of Ponthieu Byzantium (2) Bella III of Hungary

FMA Gen chart 1 Louis I the Pious ruled 814-840 son of Charlemagne + father of 1. Lothar I d 855 Emperor of the West, King of Italy 2. Charles II The Bald ruled 875-877 3. Louis II The German d 876 King of Eastern Francia Louis I mar Judith. Had Giselle of France b 820 d 874 mar ante 840 Eberhard, Margrave of Freieli d 866 son of Unruoch Count of Freieli unknown source Louis the Pious b 778 d 20 June 845 age 62. Son Lothair m Empress Irmengard sons Lothair, Pepin d 13 Dec 837, Louis. Married (2) Judith dau of Count Welf of Bavaria. Son Charles the Bald. CC p. 182 Louis The Pious... was a very weak charaacter, alternating between obstinacy and submissiveness. All the same, before the outbreak of any dissension, it seems as though Charlemagne's successor did really set about giving more cohesion to the empire at evaaery point, and providing the Church with the means of promoting the Christian life more effectively in the great complex of territories fro which it was spiritually responsible..

FMA gen chart 1 Louis IV ruled 936-954 son of Charles II the Simple ibid page 19 When Louis IV died in 954, his son Lothar was only twelve years old ARSC page 127 Louis IV d'Outre-Mer father of Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Lower Lorraine. ARSC page 127 Louis IV d'Outre-Mer b ca 919 d Sept 10 954 mar 939 Gerberga of Saxony d 984. unknown source Louis IV d'Outre-Mer son of Charles the Simple and Eadgifu, was killed in riding accident 953. bur St Remi of Rheims. Had son Lothair

Aubrey de Vere mar. 2nd Lucia dau of Henry de Essex

SK page 190 Lud son of Beli (Heli) the Great. Father of Tenuantius MC page 162 Lud d BC 62 father of Tenuantius and son of Beli the Great

PAGE p. 125 DATA TEXT Mabel (also called Matilda) dau + heiress of ?Robert Fitz CONC Hamon ...+ his wife Sibyl dau of Roger de Montgomery, Earl CONC of Shrewsbury

CB page 118 A medieval legend told how Madoc, a North Wales prince, discovered America and returned with his followers to the New World; from the 18th century, tales of Welsh-speaking Indians were circulating.

MADOG ap MAREDUDD (d. 1160) king of Powys, son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn ap Cynfyn. He was the last of his dynasty to rule as king over the whole of Powys, including, for a time, the Fitzalanlordship of Oswestry. Succeeding his father in 1132, hismain pre-occupation, particularly between the years 1149-57, was the defence of Powys against the aggression of Owain Gwynedd. Threatened by the building of the castle of Tomen-y-Rhodwydd at the southern end of the Vale of Clwyd, Madog, in alliance with Ranulfm, earl of Chester, unsuccessfully challenged Owain's advance, losing, ofr a time, the control of his lands in Ial. This loss was retrieved in 1157 when Henry II, with Madog's support, made a decisive assertion of authority in North Wales. When he d. three yers later he was still friendly with his powerful patron. His praises were sung by the leading poets of the day, andthe impression created on the minds of contemporaries by the influence which he asserted in central Wales is enshrined in contemporary prose romances. He was buried in the mother-church of Powys -S. Tysillo at Meifod. He m. Sussanne daughter of Owain Gwynedd. His domainions were divided among a number of minor lords of Powys- his sons andnephews - and were never again to be reunited in the hands of a single ruler. (For his heirs see Gruffydd Maelor I, Owain Fychan, Owain Brogyntyn (natural son) + Owain Cyfeiliog.(son of Garuffudd, brother of Madog ap Maredudd).

AG Vol 41 page 74 Ragnaillt dau of Olaf (Anlof) King of Dublin, by Maelcorcre dau of Dulong, King of Leinster.

CB page 92 It was not until the early 11th c that Malcolm II, defeting a Northumbrian army, finally acquired all of the eastern Lowlands down to the river Tweed. RCSH Malcolm II 1005-1034 son of Kenneth II + grandson of Malcolm I b 954 d 25 Nov 1034 age 80 or more bur. Iona Had 3 dau 1. Bethoc m abt 1000 Crinan the Thane d 1045 (Bethoc had 2 sons Duncan + Maldred - Uchtred Aelgifu. Bethoc had 1 dau) 2. Donada m 1004 Finnlaec had son Macbeth 3. dau marr 1007 Sigurd Hlodverson

RCSH Malcolm II son of Kenneth II + grandson of Malcolm I

SK page 190 Manogan son of Capior. father of Beli the Great MC page 162 Capior was father of Manogan father of Beli

Atheldio wife of Marcomir IV King of Franconia d 149

SK page 190 King Marcomir d 404 son of Clodius I. Father of Pharamond

Maredudd was a prince of Ceredigion and Deheubarth, a courageous soldier and skillful general. He left no sons. DWB Page 615 Maredudd ab Owain ap Hywel Dda (d 999) king of Deheubarth. He suc his aged fther as sole ruler of Deheubarth in 986, and in the same year repeated the achievement of his grandfather by reuniting Gwynedd and Deheubarth for the period of his reign. His greatest claim to fame rests, perhaps, on his relationship to Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, whose mother, Angharad, was Maredudd's daughter.

CP V 736 chart VII 641-2 WTC table 3 MC Table 3 mar Malcolm III Child Matilda mar. Henry I fourth son of Wm the Conq

PCD page 251 Margaret of England mar Malcolm III. She was daughter of Edward of England + Agatha of Germany

RCSH Malcolm III m (2) Margaret dau of Edward Aetheling 1068-9 They had 6 sons Eadward, Eadmund, Aethelred, Eadgar, Alexander + David, 2 dau Matilda + Mary.

DBS Margaret, Queen of Scots, Matron, b about 1045, dau of King Edward the Exiled and through her mother Agatha, kinswoman of Ghisela, the wife of S. Stephen of Hungary. After the battle of Hastings she fled with her mother and her brother, Edgar Etheling, to King Malcolm III, of Scotland (1066), who subsequently (c.1068) married her. She was a model mother and queen: all her influence she threw into the cause of religion and piety; at her request a synod was held (regulation of Lenten fast, Easter Communion and marriage laws); she founded Dunferline abbey, to which she gave a relic of the Holy Cross. She died at Dunjferline near Edinbourgh, 16 Nov. 1083 and was canonized in 1251.

MC page 51 Humphrey de Bohun mar Margery dau of Milo de Gloucester, Earl of Hereford.

ARSC Page 217 Marjorie, Countess of Carrick m (2) Robert Bruce. She d by 27 Oct 1294 son Robert Bruce RB page 216+ Calls her Martha of Marjory dau of Neil, Earl of Carrick Mar Robert Bruce son of Robert, son of Robert, son of David

Matilda is a sister to Robert Le Frison and to Baldwin

WTC table 1 + 2, page 143 Queen Matilda died on 2 Nov 1083 and was buried in her own nunnery at Caen Dunbar 25-34 250-1

DNB XXXVI 132 XXXV 400 MC page 163 Wm the Conq m Matilda dau of Baldwin V Count of Flanders desc of Charlemagne. Had 11 children

PCD page 284 Matilda dau of BAldwin V (the Pious) + Adela (Adlheid) dau of Robert II. Matilda marr William I The Conq.

WTC table 2 - 3 MC page 200 Henry I Beauclerc King of England 1100-1135 m Matilda of Scotland dau of Malcolm III

RCSH Matilda (Good Queen Maud) mar Henry I. Issue: son William, lost at sea. dau Matilda m (1) Emperor Henry V (2) Geoffrey Plantagenet. Matilda was dau of Malcolm III + Margaret dau of Edward Aetheling.