CPV 736 SPI 1-2 Widow of Henry V, Emperor of Germany dsp 22 May 1125 CCN 494 DNB XXXVI 54 ARSC page 3 PC page 46 + 65 MM page 28-9 Matilda, Henry i's sole surviving legitimate child, was married to Holy Roman Emperor Henry V when only 11 years old. After his death in 1125, she returned to her father's court before being married in 1128 to Geoffrey Plantagenet, ccount of Anjou. It was a loveless marriage, for mutual political gain, and the coupld produced three sons, including the future Henry II of England, then went their separate ways. During the Civil war, when Stephen's army beseiged her in Oxford Castle, she had to make a dramatic escape by walking in secret through enemy lines at the dead of night.... Matilda left England early in 1148. Her son Henry of Anjou, later Henry II, to whom she transferred her claim, kept up the fight. MC page 200/1 Matilda m 1114 Henry V Emp of Germany d 23 May 1125 m (2) 3 Apr 1127 Geoffrey Plantagenet, Co d'Anjou ibid page 192 Henry II's mother was Empress Matilda. She lived in Germany 20 years before she mar Geoffrey of Anjou. FMA gen chart 2 Matilda m Geoffrey V Plantagenet. Mother of Henry II Plantag- enet. Dau of Henry I king of England PC Chart page 16 Matilda dau of Henry I, King of England mar (1) Henry V, Emp. (2) Geoffrey of Anjou. (2) parents of Henry II, King of England, Geoffrey + William

MC page 200 Matilda (Maud) b 1102 d 30 Jan 1164 m 1114 Henry V Emp of Germany m (2) 3 Apr 1127 Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou

David Earl of Huntingdon mar Maud dau of Hugh de Kevelioc, Earl of Chester.

BGRF page 41 Maud, mar S imon St Liz (Senlis) ARSC page 127 Maud of Huntingdon b 1072, d 1130/1 m ca 1090 Simon de St Lis, Earl of Huntingdon, Crusader 1095 d ca 1111. Parents of Maud de St Lis

ARSC page 127 Maud of Louvaine mar Eustace I, Count of Baulougne d 1049 They were parents of Lambert of Boulougne, Count of Lens She was dau of Lambert I, Count of Louvain + Gerberga of Lorraine.

MC page 51 Humphrey de Bohun (The Great) mar Maud dau of Edward d'Everux.

MC page 639 Constantine The Great m Fausta sister of Theodora Constantine's step mother, dau of Maximus, Roman Emperor who was a giant 8 feet 6 inches tall.

PCD p. 124 Sister of Siegfried 1st Count of Brandenburg

PEP page 134

MC page 160 Meric (Marius) king of Britain married dau of Boadicia (Victoria) had dau Eurgen + son Coel who became king of Britain 125 Old King Cole. Educated in Rome, built Colchester d 170

brother to Iago 892 + Ieuaf (IIrfaf) 893

Sitric Son of Olaf King of Dublin by Gormflaith dau of Murchad King of Leinster AG Vol 41 page 74 Gormflaith dau of Murchad King of Leinster.

OIHIO page 25 Dubliners killed Dermot's father + buried his corpse with that of a dead dog under the floor of their assembly hall.

DWB page 628 Merfyn Frych m Nest, dau of Cadell ap Brochwel of Powys, Rhodri Mowr was their son. SOG page 102 Nest dau of Cadell, mar Merfyn ibid page 80

Nest was given as hostage to Henry I by her father. Henry seduced her and she bore a son Henry Fitz Henry. Henry I then gave her as wife to Gerlad Fitz Walter de Winsor (Gerald of Pembroke. They were mar. about 1100. He d. after 1136 Their childrend: 1 Maurice Fitz Gerald m Alice dau of Roger de Montgomery, Maurice d 1 Sept 1176 at Wexford. 2. William 3. David Fitz Gerald d 1176 8 May of a fever. Bur. St Davids Bishop of St. Davids. 4. Dau Angharad m William of Manorbier - Giraltus Cambrensis., Nest m Stephen Constable of Cardigan Castle. Child: Robert Fitzstephen d c 1183 Nest abducted by Owain ap Cadwgan in 1109. He was son of Cadwgan at Bleddyn, son of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn.

MC page 190 Scottish Kings Oda de Savoy m Arnoal, Bishop of Metz PCD says Bodegisel II brov Governor of Aquitaine murdered at Carthage returning from an Embassy to Constantinople 588 mar Oda, A Suavian

WTC page 77 After the death of Baldwin V's mother, Ogiva, his father, Baldwin IV had married a daughter of Duke Richard II of Normandy. PCD page 284 Ogive mar BAldwin IV. Parents of Baldwin V.

S Yaroslav married the dau of King Olof Skolkonung of Sweden.

GAOB Olaf son of Ranald and father of Harald the Black.

AG Vol 41 page 74 Ragnaillt dau of Olaf (Anlof) King of Dublin by Maelcorcre dau of Dulang, King of Leinster 1014 a male line ancestor of Mor O'Toole. Olaf son of Sitric of the Silken Beard + Slani, dau of Brian Boru

GAOB Olaf Morsel killed 1155 son of Godfrey "Crovan" and father of Ragnild mar Somerled King of Argyll and south Isles.

GAOB Olaf "tree Hewer" King of Vermaland in Norway. son of King Ingiald ill=ruler lived 7th c. father of Halfdan "white Leg".

AG Vol 41 page 74 Sitric, son of Olaf, King of Dublin by Gormflaith dau of Murchad King of Leinster.

PCD page 18 Otho son of Herbert III father of Herbert IV

FMA page 17 During the reign of Otto I, Emperor-king of Germany, in the second half of the 10th c he filled the cathedrals with household clerks and granted comital powere to the archbishop of Rheims + his suffragans in Laon, Chalons, Beauvais and Noyon and to the bishops of Langres.

ibid page 20 When Hugh the Great died in 956, his three sons were all minors; the same maternal uncles (the Emperor Otto and Archbishop Bruno) who had beem guardians of Louis IV's children two years before now protected these three orphaned nephews.

Owain Brogyntyn (fl. 1160-88), prince of Powys. He wasa natural son of Madob ap Maredudd, the lst king of Powys. Brought up at Porkington,near Oswestry, a township known among the Welsh as Brogyntyn, he appearstohve continued on very good terms with Henry II after his father's death in 1160, for he is recorded as being a royal pensioner as late as 1169. He was still alive in 1188 holding lands in Edeirnion and Dinmael where his descnedants are found in occupation until well after the Edwardian conquest. He left three sons, Bleddyn, Iorwerth, and Gruffydd, my Margaret,daughter of Einion ap Seisyll of Mathafarn;.

"Welshmen" called Owen a soldier of fortune. DWB page 689 Owain ab Edwin (d 1105) a landowner in Tegeingl (modern Flints) He and his brother, Uchtryd, were the reputed sons of Edwin ap Gronw ( a great- great grandson of Hywel Dda by Iwerydd, half sister of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn... His dau Angharad, m Gruffudd ap Cynan. His son Gronw, was the father of Christina second wife of Owain Gwynedd.

Sons Hywel Cadwallon Cynwrig David of North Wales m King Henry's half sister Emma. DWB Page 692 Owain Gwynedd (c 1100-70) King of Gwynedd second son of Gruffudd ap Cynan and Angharad, dau of Owain ab Edwin. The existence of another Owain ap Gruffydd, known as Owain Cyfeiliog explains the use of the distinctive style of "Owain Gwynedd". He m (1) Gwladus, dau of Llywarch ap Trahaearn, (2) Christina, his cousin, dau of Gronw ap Owen ap Edwin, to whom he remained constant despite the active disapproval of the Church. By the former he had tqo sons, Iorwerth Drwyndwn and Maelgwn and also two sons by Christina - Dafydd and Rhodri. He had at least six other sons, of whom two, Hywel + Cynan survived him, and two dau, Angharad, wife of Gruffydd Maelor I + Gwenllian, wife of Owain Cyfeiliog... He died on 28 NOv 1170 and was buried in the cathedral church of Bangor. Brother to Cadwallon

m Aupaus Plectrude but Charles Martel's mother was a concubine.

TF page 234 When Pippin II's son Grimoald II was assassinated, Grimoald's own young son Theudoald suc him as may of the the Neustrian palace... Pippin died 715 page 190 Pepin d"Heristal Mayor of the Palace d 714 mar Alpias

ARSC page 156 Pipin of Heristal son of Duke Angise + St. Begga.

ROYAL HOUSE OF FRANCE The origins of the Kingdom of France can be traced to a very early period when the Salian Franks over-ran Gaul and one of their legendary chidfrains Pharamond (fl ca 420 AD) is traditionally regarded as the first king of Franc and founder of the Moroviingian dynasty, which took its name from one of his dqually legendary successors Miroves. Clovis I (d 511) conquered all Gaul and received Christian baptism. His successor was weak and the line passed to so-called Mayors of the Palace. In 751 the last Marovingian King Childeric III was deposed and replaced by the Mayor of the Palace, Pepin the Short (d 768) whose son Charles I (Charlemagne) was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III in 800, reviving the Roman Empire of the West, and gave his name to the Carolingian dynasty. This dynasty also became degenerate in its turn and on the death of Louis V in 987 Hugh Capet, Duke of France and Count of Paris was chosen King. The undoubled ancestor of the Capetians was Robert the Strong, Count of Angers + Tours (d 866) who may have been decended paternally from the Saxon Chief Wittekind and maternally from the Count of Worms, although this is by no means certain. His son, Eudes, Count of Paris d 897 was elected King of the West Franks in 888 and the later's brother Robert I (d 923) was also elected King in 922. Robert's son Hugh the Great, Count of Paris, was the father of Hugh Capet whose nichname (from the cape which he wore as lay Abbot of St Martins at Tours) became the name of the dynasty. The direct line of his descendents failed with Charles IV in 1328 and was succeeded by the lin of Valois.

MC Old King Cole to Charlemagne Old King Cole son of Marius Athildis m Maracomer IV, King of Franconia d 149 Clodomir IV King of Franks d 166 mar Hisilda dau of King of the Rugj King Farabert d 186 King Suno d 213 King Hilderic d 153 King Bartherus d 272 King Clodius III d 298 King Walter d 306 King Dagobert d 317 Genebold I Duke of the East Franks d 350 King Dagobert d 379 King Clodius I d 389 King Marconomir d 404 King Pharamond m Argotta dau of Genebald King Clodio m Basina de Thuringia he died 455 Sigermerus I m dau of Ferrolus Tonantius Ferreolus m Deuteria a Roman lady Ausbert d 970 m Blithilda dau of Clothaire I King of France + Ingonde grand dau of Clovis the Great, King of France Arnoul, Bishop of Metz d 601 mar Ada de Savoy St. Arnolph Bishop of Metrz d 640 m Lady Dodo Anchises m Begga of Brabart d 698 Pepin d'Heristal Mayor of the Palace d 714 Concubine - Alpais Charlemagne FMA page 134 The son of Charles Martel, Pippin the Short, was educated there. (abbey of St Denis)7 TF page Charles Martel's...si on Pippin III or Pippin the Short, who was crowned Pippin I, King of the Franks in 751. unknown source Pepin the Short elected kind Nov 751 anointed by church at Soissons. M Bertha of the Big Foot. d at St Denis 24 Sept 768. Ruled France, Belguim, Holland, the Rhineland and Bavaria. First real Christian King. CHAR p 8 On Saturday, Septembeer 24, 768, King Pepin died of his ailment. He was buried in the royal monastery of St. Denis where many of his predecessors had been interred and where many of his successors would also be laid to rest. Christening Date Imported:by Willibrord

NEHGR 109: 175-8 MC page 178 Pepin deprived of throne. A lay abbot in 840 father of Herbert I count of Vermandois FMA gen chart 1 Pippin son of Bertnard and father of Herbert I PCD page 18 Pepin Count of Senlis, Peronne + St Quentin b ca 815 d aft 840 son of Bernard + Cunigunda, father of Herbert I

NEHGR 109:175-8 Consecrated King of Lombardy 15 Apr 781 MC page 178 4th child of Charlemagne b 776 d 8 Jul 810 crowned by Pope 781 King of Lombardy + Italy m Bertha dau of Wm Count of Toulouse PCD page 18 Pepin son of Charlemagne father of Bernard King of Italy ibid page 202

FMA gen chart 4 Peter I of Courtenay c 1126-1182 son of Louis VI the Fat + Adelaide of Maurienne. Peter I of Courtenay c 1126-1182

SK page 190 King Pharamond mar Argotta Dau of Genbold Father of Clodio + Basina de Thuringea. Son of King Marconier.

MC page 178 Lady Poppa ( puppet or little doll) 1st wife of Rollo the Dane 1st Duke of Normandy

ibid page 194 Called Lady Poppa de Valois wife of Rollo the Dane, mother of Wm Longsword 2nd duke of Aquitaine

MC page 160+ Prince Coel, son of Cyllin living AD 120. Father of King Lleuver Mawr the 2nd Blessed.

Vladimir had 7 wives and 800 Concubines. He accepted Christianity (Byzantine) and ordered the entire population baptized in Dnieper River. He built the first stone cathedral (Church of the Tithe) and Church of St. Basil. He founded clergy-run schools in many cities and feed the poor. Sons Iarostov - administrator of Novgorod; Sviatopolk - Turov; Vsevolod in Vladimir; Boris in Rostov; Gleb in Murom; Iziastov in Polostsk; Msteslav in Tmutorokan; Sviatoslav among the Direvlians.

MC page 183 Anne of Russia m Henry I of France. She was dau of Jaroslaus and grand dau of Vladimir 1st Czar of Russia

VRN page 74 Svyatoslav's son Vladimir, brought the Rus realm its first patina of respectability. In 988 Vladimir adopted Othodox Christianity, driving his subjects en masse into the Dnieper to be baptized. He married the sister of the Byzantine emperor.

HV The Norsemen in Kiev in 1018, despite their unquestioned Swedish origin were described... as being... Danes.

GAOB probably dau of Ragnarand sister to Sigurd + to Ivar the Boneless.

MC page 169 Lady Redburga m Egbert 1st King of all England

GAOB Ragnhild daughter of Olaf Morsel and wife of Somerled, King of Argyll and South Isles.

AG Vol 41 page 74 Gruffydd ap Cynan born Dublin abt 1055 father Conan (cynan) exiled "king" of Gwynnedd mother Ragnaillt, dau of Olaf (Anlof) King of Dublin by Maelcorcre dau of Dulong, King of Leinster 1014 a male line ancestor of Mor O'Toole.

GAOB puts another generation here. Ranald'Higher than the Hills" son of Olaf Geirstada - Alf king of Vestfold, Father of King Godfrey and King Halfdan.

Ranald King of Man + the Isles d 1005. Son of Godfrey and father of Olaf.

Rognvold held land in Neustria (France) 918

HV page 92 Rognvold of Moer had three sons. Thorir succeeded to Earl of Moer Einar - Jarldom of the Orkneys + Hfolf (Rollo) 1st duke of Normandy.

Ibid page 90 The 1st Earl of Orkney was Rognvald's brother Sigurd, notorious for his assaults on Scotland, the 2nd Rognvald's base born son Einar, ruthless capable, one-eyed, an archetypal turf-cutter + middling poet.

LKQF Ragnvold the Mighty, father of Rollo the Dane

PCD page 18 Irmgard (Ermengarde) ddau of Reinold, Count of Bar.

Became Prince of Welsh in 843. Fought the Danes and in 855 their leader dHorm slain and Danes routed. He had a navy. In 876 Rhodri had to escape to Ireland because of Danes and 878 Alfred the Great was also in hiding. 6 sons 1 Anarawd 2 Cadell. Son Gwriad d 877 at hands of Saxons.

The Celts by Nora Chadwick page 98 Annal 876 in the Annals of Ulster recording how Ruaidri (Rhodri) son of Muirmenn (Merfyn) 'king of the Britons' came to Ireland fleeing before the Black Foreigners (i.e. the Danes). The following year (877) Rhodri's death and also that of his son Gwriad at the hands of the Saxons is noted in the Annals of Wales. Rhodri, like the Gwyr y Gogledd, had been forced to fight on two fronts, and his death was a heavy blow to the Welsh. ... Asser ( a monk of St David's tells us that after Rhodri's death his sons worked together against the south- ern states, and he emphasizes the persistent effort of Anarawd, Rhodri's eldest son, to make a compact with the Northumbrians, even after Rhodri's death By inheriting Powys, Rhodri had reached the border of the ruling power in South Wales - that of Hywel Dda - whose policy was the reverse of his own. North Wales had always been anti-English. It had identified itself with the men of the North from the days of Cadwallon, who died with Penda fighting against Oswald the Northumbrian king, and who had in all probability nearly succeeded in driving the Anglian invaders over the North Sea. Rhodri and his sons followed the same policy. Anarawd, the last, was to join in the South Welsh policy of Hywel Dda. With the death of Rhodri we come to the end of the old order...His grandson, Hywel Dda, came of a different tradition. He belonged to South Wales, which was in close touch with English thought and tradition. He seems to have acquired a mint, and he left behind him a tradition as a law-giver.

TC page 98 Annal 876 in Annals of Ulster record how Ruaidri (Rhodri) son of Muirmenn (Merfyn) "king of the Britons" came to Ireland fleeing before the Black Foreigners (The Danes). The following year (877) Rhodri's death + also of his son Georiad at the hands of the Saxons.

DWB Page 837 Rhodri Mawr (the Great) (d. 877), king of Swynedd, Powys, and Deheubarth; son of Merfyn Frych by Nest, dau of Cadell ap Brochwel of Powys. He suc his father as king of Gwynedd in 844. In 855, on he death of his uncle, Cyngen, he became king of Powys, and i;n; 872, when Gwgon,king of Seisyllwg (Ceredigion :+ Ystra Tywi) and brother to his wife, Angharad, died, the southern realm came under his rule. In his lifetime Wales was gravely menaced by the Danes, and evidence exists pointing to bold and vigorous leadership during this crisis. It would appear that he died in battle against the Saxons, leaving six sons of whom two became founders of medieval dynasties, Anarawd of the house of Aberffraw, and Cadell, father of Hywel Dda of the house of Dinefwr.

AG Vol 41 page 7 Esylbt dau of Cynan ab Rhodri + their son Merfyn Frych mar Nest. Merfyn Frych + Nest were the parents of Rhodri Mawr

BGRF p. 321 844-878 Rohodri Mawr (the Great) King of Gwynedd, Powys and part of Debeubarth suc his father as King of Gwynedd 844 and his maternal uncle, Cyngen as King of Powys 855 and his brother-in-law Gwgon as King of Seisyllwg 872. Mar. Angharad, dau of Meurig ap Dyfnwallon, King of Seisyllwg and was killed in battle with the English 878. Issue: 1. Anarawd suc to Gwynedd 2. Cadell suc to Seisyllwg 3 Merfyn d 904 - dau Ofardreg 4. Aidan 5. Meuric 6 Morgan 7 Tutwawl 8 Elisse

Rhys in 1177 had an early Eisteddfod, a contest of wit, minstrelsy, poetry, and song. ("Welshmen p 168) DWB page 838/9 Rhys ap Gruffydd (1132-97) Lord of Deheubarth...The Lord Rhys younger son of Gruffydd ap Rhys ap Tewdwr by Gwenllian, dau of Gruffudd ap Cynan...He died on 28 April 1197 and was buried in the cathedral church of S. Davids. He had m Gwenllian, dau of Madog ap Meredudd by whom he had 8 sons (Gruffdd ap Rhys, Rhys Gryg, Maelgwn) and a dau Gwenllian who m Ednyfed Fychan.

Welch word meanings CB page 68 The origin of the English 'hundred' has given rise to much discuss- ion, but it is generally supposed that, as a land-division, a hundred was an area capable of supporting enough families to provide when necessary one hundred fighting-men. The Welsh equivalent, the CANTREF, is obviously the same thing, because the word is a compound of CANT, 'hundred', and TREF, 'farmstead, agric- ultural tenement'. LLAN means 'Church of'

"Welshmen" p 146 Rhys ap Tewdwr led Welsh after Bledlyn's death in 1075 Joined Rhys ab Tewdwr to fight the Normans. In 1079 won at Mynydd Carn in Penbrokeshire and he got the throne of Gwynedd and Dyfed went to Rhys. In 1092 through treachery of Meirion Gock Gruffydd at Cynan was captured and imprisoned in Chester Castle. Escaped and went to Ireland and returned with a fleet. Rys + Gwladys' children: Gruffydd ap Rhys, Hywel, Nest.

DWB page 840 Rhys ap Tewdwr (d 1093) king of Deheubarth; grandson of Cadell ab Einion ab Owain ap Hywel Dda... He married Gwladus, dau of Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn. He was survived by two sons, Gruffyd ap Rhys and Hywel and by a dau Nest.

DWB page 837 Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn,0

Richard I's dau Hawise m Geoffrey of Rennes d 1008, Count of Brittany

had sons Alan III of Brittany Eodu Ethelred II, wife + 2 sons sought refuge in Normandy Baldwid IV of Flanders was at his court. He was an ally of Alan III of Brittany. He made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem + died July 1035 in Asia Minor at Byth Bythinian Nicaea. He died and William became ruler at age 7. Guardians: Count Alan of Brittany, Archbishop of Rouen; Asborn; Turchetil. All were murdered. Gilbert of Brionne was William's tutor. WTC Table 1 Children Richard II, Emma, Robert, Godfrey, William, Others Table 3 MC page 163 Richard the Fearless 3rd Duke of Normandy b abt 933 d 996 m Lady Gunnora of Denmark. Archbishop Robert an ancestor of Simon de Montfort FMA gen chart 1 + 6 Richard I duke of Normandy 941-966 m Emma. Son of William I Longsword + Liegeard. Father of 1. Emma m Ethelred, king of England 2. Robert 0. Richard II count of Rouen m (1) Papia (2) Judith LKQF Richard I son of William Longue-espee 2nd duke of Normandy. Richard was 2nd Duke of Normandy. Father of Richard II

Had 3 dau and 3 sons - Richard III d 6 Aug 1027 had son Nicholas Robert I father of Wm the Conq dau Alice m Renaud; Eleanor m Baldwin IV 2nd wife Richard II had brother Robert Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evereux m Herleve had sons Richard, Count of E- Ralph of Gace - William WTC Table 1 Duke of Normandy 996-1026 m Judith of Britany Children: Richard III Robert I, Duke of Normandy, Alice, Eleanor, Mauger, William c of Arques ibid p 31 died 23 Aug 1026, after a reign of nearly twenty years,leaving six children by his Breton wife, namely three daughters (Eleanor who married Baldwin IV of Flanders, Adeliza who married Rainald of Burgundy and an unnamed dau who died young and unmarried),and three sons (Richard, Robert and William who became a monk at Fecamp and died young) MC page 183 Judith de Bretagno mar Richard II Duke of Normandy d 1026 father of Robert father of Wm the Conq. ibid page 163 Richard II 4th duke of Normandy d 1026 m Judith dau of Conan I Count of Bretagne + Ermengarde d'Anjou ibid page 167 Richard II son of Richard I + Lady Gunnora FMA gen chart 2 Richard II 996-1-26 son of Richard I duke of Normandy + Emma father of Richard III, and Robert I the Magnificent no source Richard II m Lady Adela dau of Robert the Pious, King of France. Parents of Richard III. LKQF Richard II son of Richard I. Richard II m Lady Adela dau of Robert the Pious, King of France. They had Richard III.

LKQF Richard III son of Richard II and Lady Adela dau of Robert the Pious, King of France.