FMA gen chart 2, 4. Robert II the Pious ruled 996-1031. mar Constance of Arles. Son of Hugh Capet and father of Hedwig m Renaud Count of Nevers + Auxerre, Henry I m Anna of Kiev, Robert I Duke of Burgundy, + Adelaide m Baldwin V of Flanders

FMA page 14 In 1023..Robert (the Pious) had a formal meeting with another king of the Franks, Henry, king of Eastern Francia. They decided to work together for universal peace.

FMA page 16 Although Hugh Capet was crowned at Noyon and his son, Robert II, at Orleans, by the end of the century there was universal agreement that coronation ;was the prerogative of the archbishop of Rheims.

FMA page 18 Robert II was king of Western Francia at the millennium. He had been duly elected and consecrated king in 987, just a few months after his father.

FMA page 82 Although Robert the Pious settled the question of worldwide peace with the Emperor, in his own ancestral lands he allowed the power of local lords to grow unchecked, even allowing some of them to assume the title of count.

GAB Robert II the Pious

LKQF Robert the Pious son of Hugh Capet m Rozola dau of King of Berenger of Italy, he repudiated her + m (2) Bertha, a widow of Count of Blois who had 5 children. She was excommunicated to he gave her up + m (3) Constance of Provence, dau of Count of Arles. 4 sons: Hugh, Henry, Robert, Raoul. Robert - Stem of the 1st herediatry dukes of Burgundy.

ARSC page 61 Robert II the Pious d 20 Jul 1031 m (2) Constance. Parents of Henry I, King of France and Robert I Duke of Burgundy.

Card I Duke of Normancy had William, Count of Eu who had Robert, Count of Eu and Hugh Bishop m dau of Wm of Aldrie d 1091/3 of Lisieux Robert (above) had William m 1st Helisende dau of Wm of Aldrie, m 2nd Beatrice dau of Hugh (above) sister to Roger II, Lord of Bully Helisende + William had Henry I, Count of Eu d 1140. Recognized Hugh the Great as his overlord.

WTC table 1 + 2 p 34 Osbern whose sister Gunnor had married Duke Richard I p 36 He brought forward his infant son, his bastard by Herleve, and persuaded the magnates to recognize William as his heir. They did so, and swore the customary oaths of fealty and obedience. Shortly afterwards, Duke Robert departed from Normandy. He was never to return...What is certain is that Robert, sixth duke of Normandy, styled by posterity the "Magnificant", died at the Bythinian Nicaea on one of the first three days of July 1035.

MC Page 183 Robert son of Richard II Duke of Normandy and father of Wm the Conq. His mother was Judith de Bretagno

ibid page 163 Robert I 6th Duke of Normandy c 1035 m Herleve (also called Arlotta, dau of Fulbert de Falaise + Doda his wife.

FMA gen chart 2 Robert I the Magnificent father of William I the Conqueror, son of Richard II

MC page 208 Alphonso VI, King of Castile + Leon had wife Constance, daughter of Robert, Duke of Burgundy.

MC page 183 Robert Count of Vermandois mar Adelaide de Chalons son of Herbert II, father of Adelaide de Chalons and Adela m Arnulph I PCD page 202 Robert de Vermandois, Count of Troyes + Meaux b ca 920 d ca 967/8 m (1) Adelaide dau of Giselbert.

PCD page 18 Robert I King of France + Adele parents of Leigarde who mar Herbert II Count of

PCD p, 202 Liegarde dau of Robert I and Adele.

ARSC page 53 Robert I born posthumously 866 d 15 Jun 923. Count of Poitiers, Count of Paris, Marquiaf Neustria, King of the West Franks,m (1) Aelis (2) Beatrix dau of Herbert I, Count of Vermandois. ARSC p. 124 Marquis of Roleans. Who was crowned King of France 29 June 922 and killed in battle abt 15 June 923

PCD says Bertha's father is Guarri, Count of Morvois.

Baptized 911/12

MC page 194 Rollo the Dane 1st Duke of Normandy, Also called Rolf the Walker because, being tall, he preferred to go afoot rather than ride the little Norwegian horses. Died 932 bur Cathedral at Rouen. m Laddy Poppa de Valoris,

FMA gen chart 1 + 6 Rollo d 932 father of William Longsword count of Rouen

ibid page 82 Originally there had been a gift, but one which carried no obligations: by the terms of the treaty of St Clair-sur-Epte in 911, the king 'gave' Rollo this 'kingdom' to be held 'as an allod in perpetuity'. An allod was an inheritance which was not subject to any overlord, although Dudo certainly makes no attempt to conceal the fact that Rollo also paid homage to the king of France. However, his account is very insistent on one point, asserting that the Norman noble refused to bow down as the ceremony required: he remained standing upright, a free man, and took no oath. For their part, the king of France and his great nobles supposedly swore to support him with their 'life, limbs and honour'- words familiar from Fulbaert of Chartres as part of the oath made by the vassal to his lord. The clear intention here was to invert the relationship, with the Franks owing all, the Normans nothing. As for Rollo's grandson, Richard I, if we are to believe Dudo, he governed Normandy 'like a king, subject to no one but God;, and servant of neither king nor duke' (a clear reference to Hugh the Great, duke of the Franks, father of Hugh Capet). Normandy was emphatically not a fief.

VRN page 60 Hrold's (Rollo) man overran and occupied the rich bottom lands of the Seine. He resolved to stay. Unable to evict the Norsemen, Charles the Bald's grandson, Charles the Simple ceded the broad valley of the lower Seine to Hrolf - with it the title Count of Rouen - in excange for his fealty and conversion to Christianity. In 911 the two formalized the treaty at St-Clair-sur-Epte. The bargain served both well - Rollo won legitimacy and land to rule - and Charles gained a fierce ally in fending off insurgent nobles and other Viking raiders. Roll's men took French wives and raised French-speaking children.

HOTV (Ganga-Hrolf, Hrolf the Walker, so called because..he was so big that no horse could carry him), the son of Robnvald, Earl of Moer, who in defiance of Harald Fairhair's ban plundered in the Vik, suffered outlawry, and after spending some time in Scotland proceeded to France, where he founded the duke- dom of Normandy. Rollo had evidently been operating in France for a number of years and had grown to prominence before the Viking outburst of 910. In 911 he commanded the army which unsuccessfully besieged Chartres. The lower Seine was plundered bare. By the treaty with the West Franks of St-Clair-sur-Epte he was confirmed in the lordship of the territories whose modern titles are Seine Infereure, Eure, Calvades, Manch and Port of Orne. At first Rollo did homage to King Charles the Simple. In 912 he was baptized. He strengthened the town's defences and gave the countryside good peace. In language and in institutions Normandy moved farther and farther away from her Norse origins during the 10th century.

LKQF Rollo the Dane m Lady Poppa. He was 1st Duke of Normandy d 932, son of Ragnvold the Mighty. Rollo m Lady Poppa dau of Pepin de Senlis.

HOTV page 186 The Gokstad ship about the year 800...had a keel 57 feet 9 inches made from a single oak timber, and was clinker built of sixteen strakes of differing but carefully calculated thickness. The waterline stake was 1 3/4 inches thick, the nine underwater strakes and the three immediately above the waterline strake were precisely 1 inch; above this was the oar strake, 1 1/4 inches, and the two topmost strakes were just 7/8 inch. The gunwale was substantial, 4 1/2 inches by 3 1/2. The strakes were joined together by round'headed iron rivets driven through from the outside and secured inside by means of small square iron plates. The caulking was of tarred animal hair or wool. The hull was kept in shape by nineteen frames and cross-beams. The decking of pine, in this case loose so that the space beneath could be used for storage, was laid over these beams. The strakes below the waterline were tied to the frames with spruce root lashings..., a device which contrib- uted to the ship's flexibility. This was still further increased by a care- fully systematized trenailing of the above-water strakes to wooden knees and cross-beams or, in the case of the top two, to half-ribs secured to the strakes below and butted into the underside of the gunwale...With her mighty keel and flexible frame and planking the viking ship was an inspired combination of strength and elasticity. And this power to cross seas and oceans did not exhaust her excellence as a raider. An exceedingly shall draught, rarely exceeding 3 1/2 feet, allowed her to penetrate all save the shallowest rivers, gave her mastery of harbourless shelving beaches, and facilitated the rapid disembarkation of men at the point of attack. By turning into the wind and making off by oar she was almost immune from pursuit by the clumsier sailing- ships of the lands she preyed on. The ship was constructed almost entirely of oak. The sixteen pairs of oars were of pine, so regulated in length that they struck the water in unison. They were operated not by means of rowlocks but by closable holes in the four- teenth strake. The mst, too, was of pine, probably about 35 ffeet tall, with a big square sail made of strips of heavy woollen cloth, strengthened, it would appear, by a rope network, and hoisted on a yard some 37 feet long.

ARSC page 53 Rutpert I Count of Upper Rhine + Wormgau liv 722-757. mar Williswint dau of Count Adelheim wid 764.

ARSC page 53 Rutpert II, Count of Upper Rhine + Wormgau. seen 770-807. Mar (1) Theoderata d 789 (2)Isingard seen 789.

ARSC page 53 Rutpert IV, Count of Wormgau, seen 836 of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers. Killed 15 Sept 866 called Robert the Strong. M (2) ca 864 Aelis (Adelaide) b 819 d ca 866 widow of Conrad I, dau of Hugh, Count of Tours + Bava. Children by (2) Odo or Eudes, Robert I born Posthumously.

ARSC page 53 Rutpert III son of Rutpert II and Theoderata. Count of Wormgau. seen d ca 834 812-825. mar Wialdruth. Parents of Purpert IV.

children Iaropolk d 980; Oleg d 977; Vladimir d 1015. HOTV page 261 Igor's son Svyatoslav (his birth when his father was aged 75, and his mother, the famous Olga, 60, was a guarantee of wonders, some would say lies, to come) was a hardy campaigner against Khazars, Vyatichi, and Bulgars and shortly before the Petchenegs took his head in 972 had behaved menacingly towards Constantinople itself. But not only in the un-Norse name he bore was Svyatoslav departing from his viking heritage. He rode without baggage, carried no kettle or cauldron, and supplied tent and couch by a saddle under his head. This was his appearance, as recorded by Leo D9iaconus in 971, when he signed a treaty with the emperor Johannes Tzimiskes on the Danube: Svyatoslav crossed the river in a king of Scythian boat; he handled the oar in the same way as his men. His appearance was as follow: he was of medium height--neither too tall, nor too short. He had bushy brows, blue eyes, and was snub-nosed; he shaved his beard but wore a long and bushy moustache. His head was shaven except for a lock of hair on one side as a sign of the nobility of his clan. His neck was thick, his shoulders broad, and his whole stature pretty fine. He seemed gloomy and savage. On one of his ears hung a golden ear-ring adorned with two pearls and a ruby set between them. His white gar- ments were not distinguishable from those of his men except for cleanness. (G. Vernadsky, "The Origins of Russia" page 277) A year or so later he was dead, and his three sons fought savagely among them- selves to enlarge the third share of Kievan power he had appointed for each of them. Yaroopolk slew Oleg, then perished in his turn, and it was the third son Vladimir, as resourceful as he was ambitious, was born to do more than survive; he interfered victoriously in the affairs of various Slavonic tribes, ...In 988 he accepted the Christianity of the Greek Church, and employed his enormous energy in building churches and christianizing his many-religioned subjects, no small number of them by immersion in the waters of the Dnieper. Like other Scandinavian princes (and his bonds with the North seem stronger than his father's and grandfather's), he had come to recognize the political and economic advantages of belonging to a monotheistic religion... He helped the emperor Basil II Bulgaroctonos put down a rebellion by Bardas Phocas, and was rewarded with the emperor's sister in marriage--an honour she tried hard to avoid, partly no doubt because of the eight hundred concubines and slave- girls he maintained in various Rus towns. Another far-reaching decision of his was to make the language of his new church Slavonic, not Greek or Scand- inavian. ibid page 164 We read of the Rus from Kiev buying silk in Byzantium and horses and slaves in Regensburg....Gold, silks, wine and various fruits from Greece, silver and horses from Hungary and Bohemia, and from Russia furs, wax, honey, and slaves.... sables, squirrel, ermine, black and white foxes, marten, beaver, arrows and swords, wax and birchbard, fish-teeth and fish-lime, amber honey goatskins and horsehides, hawks, acorns, hazel nuts, cattle and Slavonic slaves...A merchant describes the Vikings.. I have never seen more perfect physical specimens, tall as date palms, blond and ruddy, they wear neither quartaqs (tunics) nor cartans, but the men wear a garment which covers one side of the body and leaves a hand free. Each man has an axe, a sword, and a knife, and keeps each by him at all times. The swords are broad and grooved, of Frank- ish sort.. Each woman wears on either breast a box of iron, silver, copper or gold; the value of the box indicates the wealth of the husband. Each box has a ring from which depends a knife. The women wear nieck-rings of gold and sil- ver..Their most prized ornaments are green glass beads...They string them as necklaces for their women. (Amin Razi's version of Ibn Fadlan's "Risala. VRN page 74 Syvatoslav (Savatislov) 3rd generation direct descendant of Rurik shunned all comforts, sleeping in the open with a saddle for his pillow. He shaved his head except for a single forelock, and wore two pearls and a ruby suspended from one ear. On the battlefield he fought with the fury of Odin, roaring like a wild beast and his men "howling in a strange, disagreeable fashion". He met a violent end; returning from an engagement on the Danube in 972, he was ambushed at the Dneiper cataracts + killed by the Perchenegs who gilded his skull + used it as a drinking cup.

MC paage 164 Grom Enske mar Sida.

SK page 190 Sigermerus I mar dau of Ferreolus Tonantius Son of Clodia + Basina de Thuringea d 455 Father of Ferreolus mar Deuteria

MC page 169 Lady Edgiva dau of Sigilline, Earl of Meapham

GAOB Sigtryg "Caoch" King of Dublin and York son of King Guthorm and father of Harold.

BGRF page 41 Waltheof II, Earl of Northampton son of Syward the Saxon.

ARSC page 217 Isabel (Matilda) m Robert Bruce. She was dau of Donald, Earl of Mar and Eliz d 1267, dau of William Comyn + Countess of Buchan.

Sitric and King Athelstan met at Tamworth on 30 Jan 923 and Athelstan gave his sister in marriage. Aethelflaed Lady of the Mercians d 1 Jun 918 at Tamworth. ASC page 105 POI page 84 - Sitricc who was ruler of Dublin at the time of Clontarf, founded the city's cathedral Christchurch. AG Vol 41, page 74 Sitric, son of Olaf, King of Dublin by Gormflaith dau of Murchad King of Leinster.

According to ARSC Slavi, dau of Brian Boru, not by Gormliath, m Son of Sihtric of the Silken Beard, King of Dublin

Ragnhild dau of Olaf Morsel mar Somerled, King of Argyll + S. Isles.

MC page 160+ St. Cyllin King of Siluria sainted by the early church of Britain. He first of the Cymry gave infants names. His brother Linus, the Martyr, his sister Claudia and her husband Rufus Pudens, aided apostle Paul in the Christian Church in R ome as recorded in II Timothy 4:21 + Romans 16:13. Rufus Puderns and St Paul are shown to be half brothers: children of the same mother, they had different fathers. "His mother + mine" She thus appears to have been the mother of an elder son, Paul, by a Hebrew husband and a younger son, Rufus, by a 2nd marriage with a Roman Christian.

MC page 216 Strada the Fair dau of Cadvan of Cambria + Gladys mar Coel later King of Colchester living AD 232

SK page 190 King Sunno d 213. Son of King Farabert. Father of King Hilderic

DWB p. 608 He (Madog ap Meredudd) mar Susanna, daughter of Owain Gwynedd.

DWB Page 608 Madog ap Maredudd m Susanna, daughter of Owain Gwynedd.

SK page 190 Tenuantius (gentle ruler) son of Lud d BC 62, father of Cynvelin

MC page 162 Tenuantius gentle ruler, son of Lud. Father of Cynvelin

ARSC page 53 Rutpert II mar (1) Theoderata. Parents of Rutpert III.

MC page 639+ Galla Placidia dau of Theodosius the Great She mar Constantius III.

MC page 167 Gorm de Gammel King of Denmark d 931 mar Thyra Child Lady Gunnora m Richard I 3rd Duke of Normandy

Turincbertus (Thuringbert) seen 767-790. son of Rupert I, Count of Upper Rhine + Wormgau. Father of Rutpert II.

PCD Giselle of France dau of Louis I. Mar Eberhard, Margrave of Freieli son of Unruoch, Count of Freieli

MC page 160 Constantine II father of Ther Pendragon King of Baritain 498

Valenteinian III Emperor of the West 425-455/ mar Eudoxia. He was son of Constantius III + Galla Placidea dau of Theodosius the Great. MC page 160+ Valentinian III son of Constantius III + Placida. Parents of Eudoxia wife of Hunneric.

SK page 190 Arviragus King of Britain Lived in Avalon mar Venissa MC page 162 Venissa mar Arviragus King of Britain lived in Avalon. Parents of Meric (Marius) King of Britain

SK page 190 Meric (Marius) king of Britain mar dau of Boadicea Victoria father of Coel. son of Arviragus King of Britain

Vladimir had 7 wives and 800 Concubines. He accepted Christianity (Byzantine) and ordered the entire population baptized in Dnieper River. He built the first stone cathedral (Church of the Tithe) and Church of St. Basil. He founded clergy-run schools in many cities and feed the poor. Sons Iarostov - administrator of Novgorod; Sviatopolk - Turov; Vsevolod in Vladimir; Boris in Rostov; Gleb in Murom; Iziastov in Polostsk; Msteslav in Tmutorokan; Sviatoslav among the Direvlians.

MC page 183 Anne of Russia m Henry I of France. She was dau of Jaroslaus and grand dau of Vladimir 1st Czar of Russia

VRN oage 74 Svyatoslav's son Vladimir, brought the Rus realm its first patina of respectability. In 988 Vladimir adopted Othodox Christianity, driving his subjects en masse into the Dnieper to be baptized. He married the sister of the Byzantine emperor.

HV The Norsemen in Kiev in 1018, despite their unquestioned Swedish origin were described... as being... Danes.

SK page 190 KingWalter d 306, son of Clodius III d 298. Father of Dagobert d 317

This family was from Normandy but were Britons (Celts).

a dau m Ralph IV of Tosney (son of man who fought at Hastings). MC page 295 Waltheof son of Earl Siward...execution for treason in 1-76 brought to an end the tradition of the Old English earldoms. PCD page 251 Maude of Northumberland mar David I of Scotland. She was dau of Waltheof II + Judith de Lens. They were parents of Henry of Scotland. BGRF Judith of Lens mar Waltheof II, Earl of Northampton. Beheaded 1073 son of Syward the Saxon ARSC page 127 dJudith of Lens m 1070 Waltheof, Earl of Huntingdon, beheaded at Winchester 31 May 1070. Parents of Maud of Huntingdon mar Simon de St Lis.

ARSC page 53 Rutpert III mar Wialdruth. Parents of Rutpert IV.

his dau married Geoffrey of Rennes MC page 194 William Longsword, 2nd Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, d 942 slain by Arnulf of Flanders. m his cousin Espriota dau of Hubert, Count of Senlis. FMA gen chart 1 + 6 William I Longsword d 942 m Liegeard. Son of Rollo, father of Richard I duke of Normandy LKQF William Longue-espee 2nd Duke of Normandy. Son of Rollo the Dane + Lady Poppa.

FMA gen chart 1 W illiam III 'Towhead' ruled 951-963 m daughter of Rollo son of Rollo

Wm Conqueror and Matilda had these children Robert, Duke of Normandy b 1051 d 10 Feb 1134 Richard, killed in New Forest at an early age ca 1075 b 1056 William Rufus b 1056/60 d 2 Aug 1100 King of England Henry, King of England b late 1068 d 1 Dec 1135 King of England Agatha betrothed sucessively to Harold of Wessex + Alphonso of Spain bur at Baylux. Died a virgin Adeliza religious vows at an early age Constance m Alan IV of Brittany b 1062 m 1086 d 1090 Adela m Stephen I, Count of Blois b abt 1064 m 1080 d 1137, a nun at Marcigny-sur-Loise Cecily abbess of Holy Trinity, Caen b bef 1066 d 1127 Matilda b abt 1061 d 1-86

William the Conqueror is 1/2 brother to Robert, Count of Mortain He was the son of Herluin and Herleve He had a sister Adelaide m (1) Enguerrand, Count of Ponthieu d 25 Aug 1054 (2) Lambert of Lens (3) Odo, Count of Champagne 1/2 brother Odo, bishop of Bayeux 1/2 sister m William Lord of La Ferti-Mace William became ruler at 7 years of age. Guardians: Count Alan of Brittany archbishop of Rouan; Osborn; Turchetil. All murdered. William's tutor was Gilbert of Brionne. His marriage to Matilda was forbidden by Pope Nicholas II; reconciled 1060. William's 1/2 sister Judith m Tosti, son of Earl Godwine. WTC table 1 + 2

Medieval Monarchs edited by Elizabeth Hallam, Crescent Books NY 1996 p 10-15 Was crowned king of England on Christmas Day 1066. He succeeded his father, Robert, Duke of Normandy,when he was only seven. William was a genuinely religious and practical man... Perhaps in reaction to his birth, he was absolutely faithful to his wife, Matilda, the daughter of Baldwin V and, by a happy coincidence, a descendant of Alfred the Great....In 1085, William 'sent his men over all England into each shire' to investigate his subjects, their lands and wealth. Domesday Book thus enabled the king to record the estates of his barons as well as his own and to chek that none had seized land unlawfully. Domesday was also a record of tax due from each landholder. He died less than two years after ordering the survey to be made, while campaigning against Philip I of France. Six weeks later he died at the abbey of Saint Gervais, near Rouen.

OBRA page49-52 Born c 1028, William was the illegitimate son of Robert II duke of Normandy by Arlette, daughter of a tanner. His life was one of pro- longed and successful struggle....Among other things we must not forget the good order he kept in the land, so that a man of any substance could travel unmolested throughout the country with his bosom full of gold.Anglo-Saxon C

WTC page 393 William of Poitiers states: (i) that a daughter of William (unnamed) was betrothed to Herbert, count of Maine; (ii) that a daughter of William (unnamed) was sought for in marriage by two rival kings of Spain who were brothers, one of whom has been reasonably identified as Alphonso IV later king of Leon; and (iii) (by implication) that a duaghter of William (unnamed) was at one time betrothed to Harold of Wessex. Ordericus Vitalis mentions 5 dau of Williams' marriage who he names and des- cribes as follows: (i) Agatha, who was betrothed successively to Harold of Wessex and Alphonso of Spain. She protested vigorously against going to Spain and died a virgin, being buried at Bayeus; (ii) Adeliza, who undertook religious vows early in life and lived under the protection of Roger of Beaumont; (iii) Constance, who married Alan IV of Brittany; (iv) Adela, who married Stephen I, count of Blois; and (v) Cecily, who becvame abbess of Holy Trinity, Caen

PC Chart page 16 William I the Conqueror, King of England 1006-1087 m Matilda Domesday Book mentions a daughter of William named Matilda.

ibid p 76 Before 1049....plans had been made for a marriage between the duke and Matilda, daughter of BAldwin V, count of Flanders, by Adela, daughter of Robert II, king of France. The projected marriage was, however forbidden by Leo IX at the council of Rheims in October 1049 ..though... no specific reason was given for the prohibition is given, it is generally assumed that the ground for the objection was that William and Matilda were within the prohibited degrees of relationship. The marriage none the less took place. Perhaps in 1050, probably in 1051, and at all events not later than 1052, Baldwin V brought his daughter to Eu, where the marriage was celebrated, and the duke forwith conducted his bride with fitting pomp to Rouen. Not until 1059, however, was the papal sanction to the union obtained from Pope Nicholas II at the second Latern Council.

ibid page 269 Thus about half the land, held by lay tenure in England under the Conqueror, was given by him to only eleven men. These were Odo, bishop of Bayeux and earl of Kent; Robert, count of Mortain William fitz Osbern; Roger of Montgomery; William of Warenne; Hugh, son of Richard, vicomte of the Avranchin; Eustace,count of Boulogne; Count Alan the Red; Richard, son of G ilbert of Brioone the count; Geoffrey, bishop of Coutances, who had a large secular barony in England; and Geoffrey from Manneville in the Bessin...All except Eustace and count Alan the Red are Normans...On them nearly a quarter of England was bestowed. Most of what remained to be distributed amount the secular followers of William was likewise acquired by comparatively few persons.

MC page 163 William the Conqueror d Falaise m Matilda, Dau of Baldwin V Count of Flanders, desc of Charlemagne. 11 children 1 Wm. Rufus, 2 Henry I 3 Cecilia, Abbess of Caen, 4 Constance m Alan, C of Brittany, 5 Adelaide d yg 6 Adela m Estienne, C of Blois, 7 Agatha d without issue 8 Matilda, 9 Matilda m William de Warren

FMA gen chart 2 William I, the Conqueror King of England 1066-1087 son of Robert I the Magnificent and father of Adela, William II Rufus, Henry I.

ibid page 80 William set off to conquer England, an enterprise that occupied the energies of young warriors not only from Normandy, but from all the regions along the Channel coast. As God's warrior in a holy war, the papal banner flew over his troops and they were accompanied by holy relics. His bictory at the battle of Hastings was complete...All his loyal supporters were given lands in England, a valuable source of revenue, which he used to build two magnificent abbeys (a monastery and a nunnery) at Caen...On his death the seccession was once more disputed between his sons. The youngest was ultimately successful. ibid page 95 At his acession, William the Conqueror's uncle was archbishoop of Rouen, the bishops of Lisieux and Avranches were cousins, and his brother would become the bishop of Bayeux. William was the Pope's faithful ally.

KQOB p.10 The coronation of 1066 took place on Christmas Day;, when the NormanConqueror became King William I of England. He was then about 38 years old, an imposing figure, six feet tall and heavily built. Born out of wedlock, the son of Duke Robert I and a tanner's daughter named Herleva, or Arlette, he had grown up with the nickname of William the Bastard.

RB William Earl of Devon mar Mabel dau of Robert Beaumont + Isabel dau of Princ Hugh Magnus + Adela dau of Henry de Vermandois + Edgive