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Maternal

  BARCLAY, c.1351-aft. 1620 Related Families: Keith | Graham | Strachan | Wishart | Irvine | Auchinleck | Auchterlony | Rait | Erskine | Forbes (Fobes)

Migration: Scotland

 
 
Early History of the Barclay Family
        Among the scholars painstakingly dispersing those myths which envelop the difficult period immediately before surnames became hereditary has been Beryl Platts, an energetic and indefatigable explorer of ancient charters. In her books on the Flemish Heritage in Scotland she accepted the "family tradition" of the migration from Gloucestershire, on the circumstantial evidence and on the parallels with the migration north of other families of similar ancestry, but she places it as happening in 1124 in the train of Maud, queen of David I, King of Scots, not in 1068 with Queen Margaret.
        It was from the manor of Berkeley, in Gloucestershire, of which he was appointed Provost by Earl William fitz Osbern, the Conqueror's kinsman, that Roger de Berkeley took his name. The castle of Berkeley (in whose dungeon Edward II died) was started by his sons and completed by his grandson. But what was their ancestry? Where were the origins of the de Berkeleys in England, the Barclays of that Ilk in Scotland? Mrs Platts demonstrated that before the Manor of Berkeley gave them their new name, they almost certainly bore that of the family of Adeliza, the first wife of their benefactor, Earl William. Adeliza de Tosny had two brothers, Roger and Ralph, (and nephews also who bore those same two names, traditional in the family). Roger and Ralph are the names recorded as those of the builders of Berkeley Castle, and the Tosny family, of the Flemish nobility exiled from Hainault to the Seine valley, were famous castle builders. (Belvoir was another fine example of their work.)
        The influence of the Tosny family in England, based substantially on the success of their military doctrine (and contrasting oddly with the later Quaker traditions of their descendants), was immense. Robert de Tosny built the castle at Stafford, another Robert de Tosny held Berkeley in Somerset (different from the one in Gloucestershire held by Roger) of Roger Arundel (son of Roger de Montgomery "Northmannus Northmannorum", whose descendants were to include the Counts of Ponthieu and the Earls of Eglinton), and another Robert de Tosny, the builder of Belvoir Castle, was the senior guardian at Seaton in Rutland of the future Queen of Scotland, Maud de Lens. When Maud went north as queen of David I, a considerable number of  Flemings accompanied her at the king's invitation, and among these were the Tosny cadets bearing the Berkeley name and  ifferenced versions of the Berkeley arms.

Mrs Platts proposed a line of descent as follows:

        Roger de Berkeley, the first architect of Berkeley Castle, protègé and either brother-in-law or nephew of Earl William fitz Osbern, m Rissa dtr of Agnes, Countess of Ponthieu, by Robert de Montgomery, elder brother of Roger Arundel [see above] and sister of William Talvas, Count of Ponthieu, (whose son Robert went to Scotland with Walter fitz Alan, founder of the Stewarts, acquired the barony of Eaglesham and founded the Scottish line of Montgomery), and had an eldest son, Roger de Berkeley, who continued the building of Berkeley Castle, and at least one other son, John de Berkeley, who went north with Queen Maud.
        John de Berkeley had an eldest son, Sir Walter de Berkeley, who m Eva, dtr of Ughtred of Galloway by Gunnilda of Allerdale (granddaughter of Gospatrick, Earl of Northumberland). His dtr Margaret m Sir Alexander de Seton. At this time there appear to be several Berkeleys well established, all of which would be either brothers, sons or nephews of John de Berkeley. Various charters give their names as Walter, William, Humphrey, Robert, Theobald and Richard, and the first two of these held the office of Great Chamberlain of Scotland.
        While the continuity of the family is illustrated by the succession of their estates, and of their arms, the exact link between the John de Berkeley who went north with Maud, and the succeeding Chiefs of the Name of Barclay, is yet to be determined with certainty. The Gartly line was reasonably well documented down to the 17th century, and the Barclays of Mathers and Urie, of which the founders of Barclays Bank are cadets, down to the present day. On the expiry of the Gartly line the representation of the family passed to the Barclays of Tollie, and the Chief of the Name, Peter Charles Barclay of Towie Barclay and of that Ilk, matriculated his arms in 1971.
        According to family tradition, Roger, mentioned in Domesday Book as Provost of the Manor of Berkeley under Earl William fitz Osborn, had a son, John, who went to Scotland in the train of Queen Margaret, ca 1069, and became Laird of Towie (in the Parish of Turriff, Aberdeenshire). He had two sons, Walter, who m the heiress of Gartley, and Alexander, ancestor of the line of Towie (and the Barclays of Crawfordjohn, Kilburnie, Brechin and Collairnie). The descent can be proved from Sir Walter, said to have been 3rd of Gartley, grandson of Walter and the heiress of Gartley. He was Chamberlain of Scotland, 1165­1189, and was succeeded by his brother Theobald's sons, Humphrey (dspm 1225) and John as 4th and 5th of Gartley. The son of John, 5th of Gartley was:

Sir Robert, 6th of Gartley, who was father of:

Sir John, 7th Laird, who signed the Ragman Roll, 1296, and whose son was:

Sir Walter de Berkeley, 8th of Gartley, who also signed the Ragman Roll, did homage at Berwick 28 Aug 1296, was appointed Sheriff of Banff by King Edward I of England, Sep 1305, and had issue, a son:

Andrew, 9th of Gartley, who supported King Robert I, and was executed by the English after a raid into Yorkshire in Oct 1322. He left issue two sons:

Sir John, 10th of Gartley, ancestor of the later Gartley line and of the Barclays of Kynnaroquhy and Cairness, married  Margaret, widow of Hugh, Earl of Ross (who by her had a daughter Euphemia, wife of King Robert II), and daughter of Sir John Graham of Old Montrose. In 1321 he witnessed, as John de Berkeley of Grantoly, the grant by Sir William Keith, Marischal of Scotland, of the lands of Mathers to his brother.  He is traditionally assumed to be the direct ancestor of:  Alexander de Berkeley, below


BARCLAY LINEAGE

        (1)  Alexander de Berkeley, 1st of Mathers 1351, married Katherine Keith of Sinton.  Alexander is the earliest confirmed ancestor of this Barclay line.  Parents of:
 

        (2)  David de Berclay, 2nd of Mathers and of Durn, died about 1411.  Father of:
 

        (3)  Alexander Berclay, 3rd of Mathers, married Helen Graham, daughter of Gilbert Graham, 1st of Morphie, and died about 1416. Parents of:
 

        (4)  David Berclay, 4th of Mathers, married Elizabeth Strachan, daughter of Strachan of Thornton, and died about 1448.  Parents of:
 

        (5)  George Berclay, 5th of Mathers, who, with his uncles Patrick and John, was involved in the murder and boiling of John Melville of Glenbervie, the arrogant and unpopular Sheriff of the Mearns 1421. The 5th Laird had Letters of Remission for his share in the affair, 1 Sep 1421, and died about 1458, father of:
 

        (6) Alexander Barclay, 6th of Mathers, a scholar and poet, (perhaps the first to have the name of Barclay spelt in the modern style) married Catherine, daughter of Wishart of Pitarrow, in Fife, and died about 1497.  Alexander left the following advice to his successors:

A Poem
Giff thou desire thy house lang stand,
And thy successors bruik thy land,
Abive all things live God in fear,
Intromit nought with wrangous gear;
Nor conquess nothing wrangously,
With thy neighbour keep charity.
See that thou pass not thy estate,
Obey duly thy magistrate :
Oppress not, but support the puire,
To help the common weil take cuire.
Use no deceit, mell not with treason,
And to all men do right and reason :
Both unto word and deed be true,
All kind of wickedness eschew.
Slay no man, nor thereto consent,
Be nought cruel, but patient.
Allay ay in some guid place,
With noble, honest, godly race :
Hate huirdome, and all vices flee,
Be humble, haunt guid companie.
Help thy friend and do nae wrang,
And God shall cause thy house stand lang.

        (7)  David Barclay, married 1478, Janet Irvine, and died leaving issue one son:
 
 

        (8)  Alexander Barclay, succeeded his grandfather as 7th of Mathers. He married Marjory Auchinleck, daughter of James Auchinleck of Glenbervie, and died after 1520.  Parents of:
 
 

        (9)  George Barclay, 8th of Mathers, married Marjory Auchterlony, daughter of Sir James Auchterlony of that Ilk. He had Letters of Respite for various slaughters 1526, and died after 1535.  Parents of:
 
 

        (10)  David Barclay, 9th of Mathers, married first Mary, daughter of Rait of Halgreen. He was one of the jury which found Janet Douglas, widow of the 10th Lord Glamis and daughter-in-law of the 2nd Earl of Argyll, guilty of treason and witchcraft, whereupon she was burnt alive, 17 July 1537. He died 1560.  Parents of:
 
 

        (11) George Barclay, 10th of Mathers, married first Mary Erskine, daughter of Sir Thomas Erskine, Lord Brechin, Tutor of Dun, and died 1607 having had issue:

  1. Thomas; married Janet, daughter of Straiton of Lauriston
  2. George
  3. Christian; married Rev. John (Forbes) Fobes

 
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