He married Katherine de KNOWSLEY.
They had one child:
| 8884804 | i. | Thomas (1300-1370) |
17769609 Katherine de KNOWSLEY.
17769610 Sir John de FERRERS.
Born on 20 Jun 1271 in Cardiff. Died in Aug 1312 in Gascony. Of: Southoe and Keyston. Title: 1st Lord Ferrers of Chartley, co. Stafford, England.He married Hawise de MUSCEGROS, bef 1300.
They had one child:
| 8884805 | i. | Eleanor |
17769611 Hawise de MUSCEGROS.
Born on 21 Dec 1276. Died aft Jun 1340. Of: Charlton.17769616 Sir Robert de HAVERINGTON. Died in 1297. Of: Harington, co. Cumberland, England.
He married Agnes Lady of Aldingham.
They had one child:
| 8884808 | i. | John (~1281-1347) |
17769617 Agnes Lady of Aldingham.
Died in 1293.17769622 Sir Robert de HOLLAND. Of: Upholland, co. Lancaster, England.
Child:
| 8884811 | i. | Margaret |
17769632 John de GOUSHILL.
Of: Hoveringham.Named in a plea of his great-grandson Nicholas de Goushill in Sept 1388.
He married Agnes.
They had one child:
| 8884816 | i. | Walter (-<1326) |
17769633 Agnes.
17769648 Sir Richard Fitz ALAN.
Born on 3 Feb 1266/7. Died on 9 Mar 1301/2. Occupation: M.P. (1295). Title: Earl of Arundel (1289).He married Alasia de SALUZZO, bef 1285.
They had one child:
| 8884824 | i. | Edmund (1285-1326) |
17769649 Alasia de SALUZZO.
Died on 25 Sep 1292.17769650 William de WARENNE.
Born in 1255/6. Died on 15 Dec 1286. Title: 7th Earl of Surrey.He was killed in a tournament at Croydon.
He married Joan de VERE, in prob. 1285.
They had one child:
| 8884825 | i. | Alice (-<1338) |
17769651 Joan de VERE.
Born in 1293.17769652 Edmund PLANTAGENET.
Born on 16 Jan 1244/5 in London, England. Died on 5 Jun 1296 in Bayonne. Occupation: M.P. (1276). Title: Earl of Lancaster and Leicester, High Steward of England (26 Oct 1265).Also known as Edmund Crouchback.
He married Blanche of Artois, in 1276.
They had one child:
| 8884826 | i. | Henry (1281-1345) |
17769653 Blanche of Artois.
Died on 2 May 1302 in Paris, France.17769654 Sir Patrick de CHAWORTH.
Died abt 7 Jul 1283. Title: Lord of Kidwelly, co. Carmarthen, Wales.He married Isabel de BEAUCHAMP.
They had one child:
| 8884827 | i. | Maud (->1345) |
17769655 Isabel de BEAUCHAMP.
Died in 1306.17769656 Humphrey de BOHUN VII.
Born abt 1249. Died on 31 Dec 1298 in Pleshey. Occupation: Constable of England. Title: Earl of Hereford and Essex.He married Maud de FIENNES, in 1275.
They had one child:
| 8884828 | i. | Humphrey (~1276-1321) |
17769657 Maud de FIENNES.
17769658 Edward I.
Born on 17 or 18 Jun 1239 in Westminster. Died on 7 or 8 Jul 1307 in near Carlisle. Title: King of England, 1272-1307.By his marriage (1254) to Eleanor of Castile, Edward gained new claims in France and strengthened the English rights to Gascony. He received from his father the huge appanage of all outlying English dependencies, including Wales, Ireland, and the lands in France. After a brief alliance with Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, Edward supported his father in the Barons' War (1263–67) and, by revitalizing the royal party and its forces, was responsible for the crown's triumph. From this time on the young heir was the real ruler of the realm. He joined (1270) the Ninth Crusade and was on his return journey when he learned of his father's death. He did not reach England until 1274, when he was crowned.
Edward's vigorous reign was characterized by constant warfare. Trouble with Llywelyn ap Gruffydd led to his successful conquest (1277–82) of Wales beyond the Welsh Marches, and in 1284 he extended the English administration to Wales. In France from 1286 to 1289 he improved the administration of Gascony.
After the death in 1290 of Margaret Maid of Norway, Edward asserted his claim to overlordship of Scotland, but John de Baliol (1249–1315), his choice for the throne, soon entered an alliance with Philip IV of France, with whom Edward was already on bad terms. Edward's long struggle to conquer Scotland began in 1296. His first campaign was successful; he deposed Baliol and humiliated Scotland by removing the Coronation Stone from Scone to Westminster. But while he was heading an expedition against France in 1297 the Scots found a new leader in Sir William Wallace, who defeated the English at Stirling Bridge.
Edward immediately concluded a truce with Philip IV, and the English claims to Gascony were finally settled favorably in the treaty of 1303. In the meantime Edward invaded Scotland again and won a brilliant but inconclusive victory at Falkirk (1298). Campaigns in the following years led to Wallace's defeat (1305) and execution, but a new leader, Robert I, arose as king of a still defiant Scotland. Edward commenced an expedition against him in 1307 but died before reaching the border.
Even more important than Edward's military exploits were the legal and constitutional developments of his reign; Edward has been called the English Justinian. He asserted the judicial supremacy of the crown by his quo warranto proceedings (inquiries to determine "by what warrant" private jurisdictions were held), which culminated in the statutes of Gloucester (1278) and of Quo Warranto (1290). By his law of 1285, Circumspecte agatis, he forced church courts to confine themselves to ecclesiastical cases. His three statutes of Westminster (1275, 1285, 1290; see Westminster, Statutes of) formulated the advances of a century of common law and supplemented them.
By his Statute of Mortmain (1279), Edward prohibited grants of land to the church without the king's permission. In turn the English clergy, backed by Pope Boniface VIII's bull Clericis laicos (1296), refused in 1297 to contribute to Edward's campaign against the French until the king boldly denied protection to them and their goods and even threatened to confiscate all church property. This action was mainly prompted by his need for funds, as was his expulsion (1290) of the Jews from England (which enabled him to seize their property). His expensive wars also necessitated the frequent summoning of Parliament to grant taxes. The so-called Model Parliament of 1295 included representatives of the shires, boroughs, and lesser clergy, but the composition of Edward's parliaments varied.
The increasing resistance of the country to heavy taxation and the refusal of many barons to fight in France in 1297 forced Edward to issue a confirmation of the charters of liberties, including the Magna Carta and those signed by Henry III. The king also promised that he would collect the nonfeudal forms of taxation only with the consent of Parliament. He did not keep this promise, however, and the last years of his reign were marked by increasing baronial opposition to the crown. This opposition and the war with Scotland proved to be a disastrous legacy for his son and successor, Edward II.
He married Eleanor of Castile, on 18 Oct 1274.
They had one child:
| 8884829 | i. | Elizabeth (1282-1316) |
17769659 Eleanor of Castile.
Died on 28 Nov 1290 in Grantham, England.At her marriage (1254) she brought to Prince Edward the territories of Ponthieu and Montreuil and claims to Gascony. She went with Edward on the crusade of 1270–72 to the Holy Land, where she supposedly saved his life after he had been wounded. On their return they were both crowned (1274), Henry III having died in 1272. After her death Edward had crosses erected to mark the stages of her funeral procession from Nottinghamshire to London. Of the 12 so-called Eleanor Crosses—at Lincoln, Grantham, Stamford, Geddington, Northampton, Stony Stratford, Woburn, Dunstable, St. Albans, Waltham, Westcheap, and Charing—those at Geddington, Northampton, and Waltham are extant, though partially restored.
Original content © 1997-2004 W. H. Merklee. All rights reserved.