Baptized in 1164. Died bef 25 Oct 1221. Title: Earl of Oxford, Hereditary Master Chamberlain of England.Robert was a Magna Charta Surety (1215).
He married Isabel de BOLBEC.
They had one child:
| 71078604 | i. | Hugh (~1210-<1263) |
142157209 Isabel de BOLBEC.
Died on 3 Feb 1245/6.142157210 Saher de QUINCY.
Born in 1155. Died on 3 Nov 1219. Title: 1st Earl of Winchester.He was a Magna Charta Surety (1215) and a Crusader (1219).
He married Margaret de BEAUMONT, bef 1173.
They had the following children:
| 142156882 | i. | Roger (-1264) | |
| 71078605 | ii. | Hawise | |
| 142157302 | iii. | Robert |
142157211 Margaret de BEAUMONT.
Died bef 12 Feb 1234/5.142157214 Roger la ZOUCHE. (Same as ahnentafel number 23347236.)
142157215 Margaret. (Same as ahnentafel number 23347237.)
142157216 Henry II.
Born on 5 Mar 1132/3. Died on 6 Jul 1189. Title: King of England, 1154-1189.Called Curt Mantel, he was one of the ablest and most remarkable of the English kings.
Henry's early attempts to recover the English throne, which he claimed through his mother, were unsuccessful. He was made duke of Normandy in 1150, and at Geoffrey's death (1151) inherited Anjou, Maine, and Touraine. His marriage (1152) to Eleanor of Aquitaine brought him Aquitaine, Poitou, and Auvergne. By an invasion of England in 1153, he finally forced King Stephen to acknowledge him as heir, and in 1154 Henry ascended the English throne.
Henry's vast Continental domains (he ruled about half the area of present-day France) were to occupy him for much of his reign, but his first objective was to restore order and royal authority to an England ravaged by civil war. He did this (by razing unlicensed castles, reclaiming royal castles and alienated crown lands, and appointing capable crown officials) so effectively that the country was free of major disorder until 1173.
Henry's desire to restore royal authority to the level of that in Henry I's reign brought him into conflict with Thomas à Becket, whom he had made (1162) archbishop of Canterbury. The quarrel, which focused largely on the jurisdiction of the church courts, came to a head when Henry issued (1164) the Constitutions of Clarendon, defining the relationship between church and state, and it ended (1170) in Becket's murder, for which Henry was indirectly responsible. The crime aroused such indignation that Henry had to make his peace with the papacy in the Compromise of Avranches (1172). But, though he made some concessions, most clauses of the Constitutions remained in force.
Henry's most significant achievement lay in his development of the structure of royal justice. With the aid of such competent jurists as Ranulf de Glanvill, he clearly established the superiority of the royal courts over private, feudal jurisdictions. His justices toured the country, administering a strengthened criminal law and a revised land law, based on the doctrine of seisin (possession). Procedural advances included the greatly extended use of writs and juries.
While these developments were taking place, Henry was also engaged in consolidating his possessions. He recovered (1157) the northern counties of England from Scotland and undertook (1171–72) an expedition to Ireland, where he temporarily consolidated the conquests already made by Richard de Clare, 2d earl of Pembroke. He was less successful in his attempts (1157 and 1165) to extend his authority in Wales. Henry also expanded his holdings in France, acquiring Vexin, Brittany, and Toulouse.
In 1169 the king distributed among his three oldest sons the titles to his possessions: Henry was to receive Normandy, Maine, and Anjou (he was also crowned king of England in 1170); Richard (later Richard I), Aquitaine; and Geoffrey, Brittany. They did not receive actual authority, however, and, encouraged in their discontent by their mother and supported by Louis VII of France, they rebelled against Henry in 1173–74. The rebellion collapsed, but the king's sons continued to conspire against him. Richard and the youngest son, John, in alliance with Philip II of France, were actually in the course of another rebellion in 1189 when their father died. Since the young Henry had died (1183), Henry II was succeeded by Richard.
He married Eleanor of Aquitaine and Poitou, on 18 May 1152.
They had the following children:
| 71078608 | i. | John (1167-1216) | |
| 142157227 | ii. | Eleanor (1161-1214) |
142157217 Eleanor of Aquitaine and Poitou.
Born in 1123. Died in 1204.Queen consort first of Louis VII of France and then of Henry II of England. She married Louis in 1137 shortly before his accession to the throne. She accompanied him on the Second Crusade (1147–49). Eleanor bore Louis two daughters, but in 1152 their marriage was annulled. Soon afterward Eleanor married Henry, duke of Normandy and count of Anjou, uniting her vast possessions with those of her husband. Louis VII feared this powerful combination, and when Henry ascended the English throne in 1154, the stage was set for a long struggle between the English and French kings. Eleanor bore Henry three daughters and five sons, and two of the latter, Richard I and John, became kings of England. Because of Henry's infidelities, especially his relationship with Rosamond, Eleanor's relations with her husband grew strained, and in 1170 she established a court of her own at Poitiers. She supported her sons in their unsuccessful revolt against Henry in 1173 and was held in confinement by Henry until 1185. Her efforts helped Richard secure the throne in 1189. While Richard was on the Third Crusade and later held captive in Europe (1190–94), Eleanor was active in forestalling the plots against him by his brother John and in collecting the ransom for his release. She brought about a reconciliation between the two brothers, and on Richard's death in 1199 she supported John's claims to the throne over those of Arthur I of Brittany. Eleanor's court at Poitiers was the scene of much artistic activity and was noted for its cultivation of courtly manners and the concept of courtly love. She was the patroness of such literary figures as Wace, Benoît de Sainte-More, and Chrétien de Troyes. In literature Eleanor has appeared as the jealous murderess of the "fair Rosamond," but she was apparently innocent of this crime. She was an able and strong-minded woman.
142157220 Alfonso of Provence.
Died in 1209. Title: Count of Provence.He married Gersenda II of Sabran.
They had one child:
| 71078610 | i. | Raymond Berenger V (1198-1245) |
142157221 Gersenda II of Sabran.
142157222 Thomas I of Savoy.
Born on 20 May 1177. Died on 1 Mar 1233. Title: Count of Savoy.He married Margaret of Geneva, in May 1195.
They had the following children:
| 142157194 | i. | Amadeo IV (-1253) | |
| 71078611 | ii. | Beatrice (-1266) |
142157223 Margaret of Geneva.
Born abt 1180. Died on 8 Apr 1257 in Pierre Chatel.142157224 Phillip II Augustus.
Born on 22 Aug 1165 in Gonesse. Died on 14 Jul 1223 in Mantes. Buried in St. Denis, France. Title: Count of Artois, King of France (1180-1223).During his reign the royal domains were more than doubled, and the royal power was consolidated at the expense of the feudal lords. Philip defeated a coalition of Flanders, Burgundy, and Champagne (1181–86), securing Amiens, Artois, and part of Vermandois from the count of Flanders. He then attacked (1187) the English territories in France. Allied (Nov 1188) with Richard, the rebellious son of King Henry II of England, Philip compelled Henry to cede several territories to him. After Henry's death (1189), Philip and Richard, now king of England, left (1190) on the Third Crusade. They soon quarreled, and after the capture of Acre, Philip returned (1191) to France. Richard also left the crusade but was captured on his way home by Leopold V of Austria. During Richard's captivity (1192–94), Philip conspired against him with Richard's brother John. After his release Richard made war (1194–99) on Philip, compelling him to surrender most of his annexations. When John acceded to the English throne on Richard's death (1199), Philip espoused the cause of Arthur I of Brittany and invaded John's French domains, forcing him to surrender (1204) Normandy, Brittany, Anjou, Maine, and Touraine. Philip later conquered Poitou. In 1214, at Bouvines, the French defeated the allied forces of John, Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV, and the count of Flanders; it was a victory that established France as a leading European power. When the English barons revolted against John (1215), they invited Philip's son Louis (later Louis VIII of France) to invade England and take the English throne; the venture failed. During Philip's reign the pope proclaimed the Crusade against the Albigenses. Although Philip did not participate directly in the crusade, he allowed his vassals to do so. Their victories prepared the ground for the annexation of southern France by King Louis IX. In internal affairs Philip's most important reform was the creation of a class of salaried administrative officers, the baillis [bailiffs], to supervise local administration of the domain. Philip also systematized the collection of customs, tolls, fines, and fees due to the crown. He supported the towns of France against the royal barons, thereby increasing their power and prosperity. In Paris, he continued the construction of Notre-Dame de Paris, built the first Louvre, paved the main streets, and walled the city.
He married Isabella of Hainaut, on 28 Apr 1180 in Bapaume.
They had one child:
| 71078612 | i. | Louis VIII (1187-1226) |
142157225 Isabella of Hainaut.
Born in Apr 1170 in Valenciennes. Died on 15 Mar 1190 in Paris, France. Title: Countess of Artois.142157226 Alfonso VIII the Good.
Born in 1155. Died in 1214. Title: King of Castile, 1158-1214.Chaos prevailed during his minority, but he quickly restored order after assuming (1166) the government. Alfonso took (1177) Cuenca from the Moors, but later (1195) he was seriously defeated by them at Alarcos. León and Navarre then invaded Castile, but Alfonso forced them to make peace, annexing Álava and Guipúzcoa from Navarre. Allied with his former Christian enemies, he led them to the great victory over the Almohads at Las Navas de Tolosa (1212).
He married Eleanor of England, in 1169.
They had the following children:
| 71078637 | i. | Berengaria (-1244) | |
| 71078613 | ii. | Blanche (-1253) |
142157227 Eleanor of England.
Born in 1161. Died in 1214.142157228 Henry I of Brabant.
Died on 5 Sep 1235. Title: Duke of Brabant.He married Maud of Flanders, in 1179.
They had one child:
| 71078614 | i. | Henry II (-1247) |
142157229 Maud of Flanders.
142157230 Philip II.
Born in 1177/81. Died on 21 Jun 1208. Title: Duke of Swabia, Margrave of Tuscany, Emperor of Germany (1198).Murdered by Otto of Wittelsbach.
He married Irene ANGELICA, in 1196.
They had one child:
| 71078615 | i. | Marie (-~1240) |
142157231 Irene ANGELICA.
142157242 William MAUDUIT.
Died in Apr 1257. Occupation: Chamberlain of the Exchequer. Title: Lord of Haslope, and Hartley Manduit, co. Buckingham, England.He married Alice de NEWBURGH.
They had one child:
| 71078621 | i. | Isabel |
142157243 Alice de NEWBURGH.
Died in 1246-1263.142157244 Geoffrey Fitz PIERS. (Same as ahnentafel number 93453382.)
142157245 Aveline de CLARE. (Same as ahnentafel number 93453383.)
142157246 Hugh BIGOD.
Died in Feb 1224/5. Title: 3rd Earl of Norfolk.He was a Magna Charta Surety (1215).
He married Maud MARSHAL, abt 1210.
They had one child:
| 71078623 | i. | Isabel |
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