DATE                             WAR                                       AREA
 
1565-67            French-Spanish          Florida
1613-1629          English-French          Canada
1629               Anglo-French            St.Lawrence River
1636-37            Pequot War              New England
1642-53            Iroquois                New England/ Acadia
1653               Anglo-Dutch             New Netherland
1675-76            Bacon's Rebellion       Virginia
1675-76            King Philip's           New England
1676-78            War In North            Maine
1677-80            Culpepper's Reb'n       Carolinas
1688-91            Leisler's Rebellion     New England
1689               Revolution in MD        Maryland
1689               Glorious Revolution     New England
1689-97   King Willliam's War/7 Years War  Canada
1702-13            Queen Anne's            New England
1711-12            Tuscarora               Virginia
1739-42            Jenkin's Ear            Florida
1740               King George's           GA & VA
1745               Louisbourg              New England
1754               Fort Necessity          Ohio
1755-58            Anglo-French            Canada
1754-63            French & Indian         New Eng;VA
1759               Siege of Quebec         Canada
1775-83            American Revolution     USA
1782-87            Wyoming Valley          Pennsylvania
12/1786-1/1787     Shay's Rebellion        Massachusetts
1794               Whiskey Insurrection    Pennsylvania
1790-95            Northwestern Indian     Ohio
1798-1800          War with France         Naval
1801-05            War with Tripoli(Naval) North Coast Africa
1806-1807          Burr's Insurrection     South Miss. Valley
1807               Chesapeake (Naval)      Virginia
1811               Northwestern Indian     Indiana
1812               Florida Seminole Indian FL   (GA Volunteers)
1812-15            War of 1812             General
1813               Peoria Indian           Illinois
1813-14            Creek Indian            South
1814               Lafitte's Pirates       Local
1815               Barbary Pirates         North Coast Africa
1817-18            Seminole Indian         FL & GA
1821               Lafitte's Pirates       Galveston
1823               Arickaree Indian        Missouri River/Dakota
                                            Territory
1827               Fever River Indian      Illinois
1827               Winnebago Indian        Wisonsin
1831               Sac & Fox Indian        Illinois
1832               Black Hawk              Illinois & Wisconsin
1835-36            Toledo                  Ohio & Michagan
1835-36            Texan                   Texas
1835-36            Indian Stream           New Hampshire
1836-37            Creek Indian            Georgia & Alabama
1835-42            Florida (Seminole)      FL, GA, & AL
1836-37            Sabine / Southwestern   Louisiana/Indian
                                            Territory
1837               Osage Indian            Missouri
1836               Heatherly Disturbance   Missouri
1838               Mormon                  Missouri
1839               Aroostook               Maine
1842               Dorr's Rebellion        Rhode Island
1844               Mormon                  Illinois
1846-1848          Mexican                 Mexico
1847-48            Cayuse Indian           Oregon
1849-55            TX & NM Indian
1851-52            California Indian
1850-53            Utah Indian
1851, 1853, 1856   Rogue River Indian      Oregon
1854               Oregon Indian           Oregon
1854-58            Nicaraguan              Naval
1854-59            Kansas Troubles         Kansas
1855               Yakima Indian           Local
1855             Klamath & Salmon Indian   Oregon & Idaho River
1855-58            Florida Indian          Florida
1859               John Brown's Raid       VA
1860-65            War of Rebellion        General
1861-64            Cheyenne                Local
1862-63            Sioux                   Minnesota
1865-68            Indian Campaign         OR, ID, CA
1866        Fenian Invasion of Canada      From New England
1867-69            Indian Campaign         KS, CO & Ind. Terr.
1872-73            Modoc Indian            OR, CA
1873               Apaches                 Arizona
1874-75            Indian Campaigns        KS, CO, TX, NM, &
                                            Ind. Terr.
1876-77            Cheyenne & Sioux        Dakota
1877               Nez Perce               Idaho
1878               Bannock                 ID, Wash. Terr. &
                                             Wyoming Terr.
1879               White Riv. (Ute Ind.)   Utah & Colorado
1878-79            Cheyenne                Dakota & Montana
1898-99            Spanish-American        Cuba
1899-1902    Phillippine Insurrection      Philippine Islands

(I am not sure of the original source of this list: it has floated around the internet for awhile.  I have slightly re-arranged it, corrected spellings, and modified a couple of things - Sue)
 

Epidemics have always had a great influence on people and thus influencing,as well, the genealogists trying to trace them. Many cases of people disappearing from records can be traced to dying during an epidemic or moving away from the affected area. Some of
the major epidemics in the United States are listed below:

1657 Boston: Measles
1687 Boston: Measles
1690 New York: Yellow Fever
1713 Boston: Measles
1729 Boston: Measles
1732-33 Worldwide: Influenza
1738 South Carolina: Smallpox
1739-40 Boston: Measles
1747 Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania & South Carolina: Measles
1759 North America (areas inhabited by white people): Measles
1761-61 North America & West Indies: Influenza
1772 North America: Measles
1775 North America (especially hard in New England): Epidemic (unknown)
1775-76 Worldwide: Influenza
1781-82 Worldwide: Influenza (one of worst flu epidemics)
1788 Philadelphia & New York: Measles
1793 Vermont: Influenza and a "putrid fever"
1793 Virginia: Influenza (kills 500 people in 5 counties in 4 weeks)
1793 Philadelphia: Yellow fever (one of worst)
1783 Delaware (Dover): "extremely fatal" bilious disorder [Cholera?]
1793 Pennsylvania (Harrisburg & Middletown): many unexplained deaths
1794 Philadelphia: Yellow fever
1796-97 Philadelphia: Yellow Fever
1798 Philadelphia: Yellow Fever (one of worst)
1803 New York: Yellow Fever
1820-23 Nationwide: "fever" (starts on Schuylkill River, PA & spreads)
1831-32 Nationwide: Asiatic Cholera (brought by English emigrants)
1832 New York & other major cities: Cholera
1837 Philadelphia: Typhus
1841 Nationwide: Yellow Fever (especially severe in South)
1847 New Orleans: Yellow Fever
1847-48 Worldwide: Influenza
1848-49 North America: Cholera
1850 Nationwide: Yellow Fever
1850-51 North America: Influenza
1852 Nationwide: Yellow Fever (New Orleans: 8,000 die in summer)
1855 Nationwide (many parts): Yellow Fever
1857-59 Worldwide: Influenza (one of disease's greatest epidemics)
1860-61 Pennsylvania: Smallpox
1865-73 Philadelphia, New York, Boston, New Orleans, Baltimore, Memphis,
Washington D.C.: a series of recurring epidemics of Smallpox, Cholera, Typhus, Typhoid, Scarlet Fever & Yellow Fever
1873-75 North America & Europe: Influenza
1878 New Orleans: Yellow Fever (last great epidemic of disease)
1885 Plymouth, PA: Typhoid
1886: Jacksonville, Fl: Yellow Fever
1918 Worldwide: Influenza (high point year) More people hospitalized in World War I from Influenza than wounds. US Army training camps became death camps with 80 percent death rate in some camps.

Finally, these specific instances of cholera were mentioned:
1833 Columbus, Ohio
1834 New York City
1849 New York
1851 Coles Co., Illinois
1851 The Great Plains
1851 Missouri

This listing comes from Judy Nordgren and the Rootsweb Mailing List