The
Origin of the Name Mangel Rol Shrouded in Mystery Mangel Rol was born about 1610, and died about1670, in North Holland, the Netherlands. He was the father of Jan Mangels the immigrant to New Netherland, and progenitor of the Roll family in America. Nothing is certain about the origin of his name. It is shrouded in mystery. Since his name has not been discovered in any of the old records, it has been reconstructed based on the evidence. Both Mangel's given name and his surname suggest an occupational origin. His first name Mangel is deduced from his son's name, Jan Mangels; Jan son of Mangel. Mangel's surname, Rol, is inferred from the fact that his grandchildren all used a form of the surname, i.e. Ral, Rall Rol, Roll, Rool, etc. It is reasonable, based on their use of the surname Rol, to assume that although Jan Mangels had the surname, he never used it in documents. In every instance Jan Mangels' name appears in the records, it is in the form of a patronymic, in conformity with the Dutch custom of that time. If either Mangel Roll or his father were burgomaster in Utrecht, the Netherlands, as has been suggested, he most certainly would have been from the upper class, and thus had a fixed surname. The elite in 17th century Europe had surnames. The surname Rol is evident in many records during this period in the Netherlands. Third and Fourth Generation Mangles Jan Mangels' children all adopted some form of the surname Rol, certainly influenced by the custom of their new lords, the English. I believe that the surname existed before the grandchildren chose to use it. Mangel's grandchildren and some of his great grandchildren used Mangels, or various forms of the name, as a patronymic, in addition the the surname Rol and variants. Mangel's second great grandson was also named Mangel Rol. The name of one of the descendants in the third generation recorded as Mangelrol. Whence the Name Mangle? One source states that Mangel was a Christian given name in the Netherlands. We have been unable to a saint's name or a name from the Old Testament from which this name could have been derived. The ancient Christian custom was that all given names should saint's names. Where does this name Mangel come from? Mangel could be a Frisian name without a Judeo-Christian source. Mangel as a Person's Name Mangel is a Jewish given name. Dutch surnames include Mangal, Mange, Mangé, Mangel, Mangelaar, Mangelaars, Mangelaer, Mangelaers, and Mangelmans. Mangel is a French, German, Irish, Jesiwh, Polish and Russian surname. Mangelaar certainly looks like an occupational surname. What type of work did a mangelaar do? Mangel is a Jewish surname. Marcel Marceau, the mime, was born Marcel Mangel in Strasbourg, France, on March 22, 1934. He changed his surname name to Marceau during World War II to hide his Jewish identity from Hitler's Nazis. The Mangonel
mangonel n. A military machine used during the Middle Ages for hurling stones & other missiles. [Middle English, from Old French, from Medieval Latin mangonellus, manganellus, diminutive of Late Latin "manganum," mangonel, from Greek manganon, enchantment, contrivance, war machine. -American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. mangonel. referred to as an onager - meaning "wild donkey," after the bucking action when fired. When the throwing arm flies forward it hits against a leather buffer on the heavy upright framework. This is wasteful of much of the energy and causes the entire engine to rock on its framework. Like the ballista, the mangonel uses torsional energy stored in twisted rope. A large skein like this generates an enormous force on the sides of the mangonel, requiring a heavy and cumbersome framework to avoid the sides being pulled in. Mangonels are often depicted as having a spoon-shaped extension to their throwing arm. These spoons tended to throw their projectiles high into the air, wasting much of the energy. The example here uses a rope sling, like the perrier, giving a flatter and faster trajectory. The mangonel is quite an inefficient weapon. Despite being so large, it only throws a small projectile, perhap six pounds. Its main use was probably to hurl incendiaries; Burning pitch, or a napalm-like substance known as Greek Fire. In classical times, onagers were mounted on ships and used to set fire to opposing ships in naval battles. -source not noted Mangel Surname of Military Origin The name Mangel has a martial origin. It is an occupational
surname for someone who worked on an mangonel. A mangonel
was a period siege engine for throwing stones. It's Old
French name was mangonelle. Reaney's Dictionary of
British Surnames* lists a number of
period spellings under the heading Mangnall, Mangold and
Manknell: Geoffrey Mangwinel from 1204, Stephen Manguinel
from 1212, Thomas Manganel from 1327, John Mangel from
1363 and John Mangulle from 1390. The Mangle In Dutch a mangelrol was a machine with a roller to press clothes after washing. The word mangelrol means washing machine wringer in Dutch. In English, the mangle, an example of which appears below, was used in shaping metal and in the production of felt. It was also used for wringing dying solution out of fabric, wringing water out of laundry, and ironing with the application of heat. There must have been other uses for a machine like this.
The Tremont Washer, a 19th century wash wringer or mangle, was patented in 1872 by E. Brennan & J.A. Sabraw. The mechanism is 32 inches end to end, the wringer is 15 inches long, and has three rollers. The main grooved roller is 3 1/2 inches in diameter and the two under rollers are 1 1/2 inches in diameter. This device was sold by an auction house in 1998 mangle n. 1. a laundry machine for pressing fabrics. 2. Chiefly British. A clothes wringer. -- tr.v. mangled, -gling, -gles. To smooth or press with a mangle. [Dutch mangel, from German, diminutive of Middle High German "mange," mangle, from Late Latin "manganum," MANGONEL.] -American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language mangle 1. n. a machine having heated rollers between which damp linen is pressed smooth || (Br.) a heavy, old fashioned wringer. 2. v.t. pres. part. mangling past & past part. mangled to press in a mangle [Du. mangel fr. manglen, to mangle] -The New Lexicon Webster's Dictionary of the English Language. Mangel a Word in Various Languages In the modern Frisian language, mangel means almond or tonsil. The word Mangel means absence in Dutch, German, and Danish. Mangel is the German word for beet. In German mangel means want, need, deficiency, scarcity want, need, deficiency or scarcity. The Mangelwurzel
The mangelwurzel, a variety of the common beet having a large yellowish root, has been reported being sold in the market places of the Middle East in ancient times. It is also called the mangel or mangold. Over the ages it has been consumed by both humans and livestock. Berlin, Germany, was the scene of the most important event in the history of beet sugar: In 1747 Andreas Sigismund Marggraf, the best known chemist of his time in the German-speaking area, discovered sugar in the mangelwurzel. His student and successor Franz Carl Achard continued his work and produced in 1798 the first beet sugar in what is today Berlin-Kaulsdorf. |
