MARKETS OF BALTIMORE

Markets Listed in the 1819 & 1835-36 City Directories
Center Market / Marsh Market
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The markets of Baltimore provided a variety of goods such as fresh produce, grains, coffee, and tea, very much like the "farmers' markets" of today. However, depending upon the market, one could also find cattle, tobacco, horses, hogs, as well as fish, seafood and other sundry goods. The markets were established and regulated by the Maryland General Assembly, which determined the location of the markets as well as the days and hours of operation, usually twice a week, during the morning hours. (1) The Lexington Market was established in 1782. Construction of the Center Market on property owned by Thomas Harrison was approved in 1784. Before the end of the eighteenth century, Fell's Point Market was established on land donated by William Fell, a grandson of the founder of Fells Point. These markets were later expanded and new markets were created as the needs of the city increased.
Fells Point Market was located on Market Street (now Broadway) beginning at Aliceanna and running south to the water front. The Fell's Point area map found at the top of The Visit page shows the market as two long dark rectangles, representing the two block area that it covered. Today people can visit the Broadway Market, which operates just one block north of the original Fells Point market place. It is located on Broadway between Fleet and Aliceanna.
When I posted a query to the Baltimore mail list asking about "market space addresses" Maria Rooney shared the following:
| "Market places in Fells Point were in the street on Broadway [Market] just north of Thames running on both sides, and people paid a fee for the year and were given a numbered place. These numbers can still be seen imbedded in the sidewalks and are used during festival times. Some vendors did not live in the city and therefore only had this one address. If they were lucky, they could have a covered indoor place and could keep up a cot or something to sleep if Baltimore was not their family home. They could come in by boat or by land transportation." |
It was this curiosity about the "market space addresses" that led to my interest in the markets of Baltimore. Obituaries for George and Margaret Kaylor list a "Market Space" address as their last residence. Looking at maps of Baltimore I thought at first that "market space" might have been located on Market Street in Fells Point. Later, Celeste Connors brought to my attention a street called Market Place that intersects Pratt near McElderry's Wharf. Focusing on this area led me to Center Market, also known as Marsh Market.
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Center Market / Marsh Market
Maryland General Assembly November 1784:
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"By this act Samuel Smith, William Patterson, John McLure, David Harris, Thomas Yates, James Jaffray, Englehard Yeiser, Abraham Vanbibber, and Thomas Elliott were invested with authority to build a market-house 'on a parcel of ground situate in the said town opposite Harrison Street, beginning in Baltimore Street, and running thence south, parallel with Gay Street, of the width of one hundred and fifty feet to the channel.' It is further provided that the market-house should be completed 'on or before the first day of March 1787'." (2)
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Plans for a market near the junction of Baltimore and Harrison streets were already being considered well in advance of the general assembly's passage of the act authorizing its construction in November 1784. As early as 1763 there was an agreement between the town commissioners and Thomas Harrison to use a portion of his property for just such a purpose. Originally it was thought that Harrison's "marsh land" that comprised this property could be excavated and a canal created that would lead directly to the water front. (3) For whatever reason, this plan was scraped and Harrison's "marsh" was dredged. Although the market would be named Center Market, it would be popularly referred to as "Marsh Market". (4)
From various descriptions the original open air market house appears to have been a massive roof structure supported by large brick pillars with individual stalls available for vendors. This new area came to be known as Market Place. The Warner & Hanna's 1801 "Plan of the City and Environs of Baltimore" shows "Market Place" running two blocks from Baltimore to Water St. [now Lombard]. The last segment, between Lombard and Pratt, was called Cumberland Row until a few years later when the market expanded, stretching all the way to the water front at Pratt Street. James M. Merritt in an Evening Sun article, "Baltimore's original marketplace", describes the early nineteenth century market:
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"Three blocks of wholesale houses opened along its east side, emitting the pleasant smells of roasting coffee, leaf tobacco and ship chandlery. The west side was lined with three-story dwellings, with store fronts on the ground floor." |
From what I have been able to determine, it is along this west side that my gr-gr-gr-grandparents, George & Margaret Kaylor, lived from about 1814 until 1856. We believe the store front was used as a bakery and later a tavern.
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The map above shows the location of Center Market running north and south from Baltimore Street to Pratt. This map is an approximation of the area during the 1850s. The Fish Market and Horse Market were adjacent to the Center Market. Warner & Hanna's 1801 map shows the Fish Market running east from Center Market to Jones Falls. The Horse Market was in this same general area, most likely just north of the Fish Market. The approximate location of the Fish and Horse markets appear on the map above as F
and H, respectively.
As with most large cities, the names and locations of Baltimore streets have varied over the years, much to the confusion of later generation genealogists. During the early 1800s some segments of Lombard were called Water Street; during the late eighteenth century, Baltimore Street was also called Market Street; and, as the Cumberland Row name disappeared early in the 1800s, the Second Street name disappears in the twentieth century, as that portion of road becomes an extension of Water Street.
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Markets Listed in the 1819 City Directory
| Name |
Location |
| Fell's Point Market
| runs s. from the intersection of Market and Alisanna sts. to County Wharf
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| Fish Market
| runs e. from Market space to Jones' Falls between Hawk and Swan sts.
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| Hanover Market
| intersection of Hanover and Camden sts.
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| Lexington Market
| intersection of Lexington and Paca sts.
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| Marsh Market
| runs s. from Baltimore to Water st.
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| Horse Market
| Swan st. running e. from Marsh Market, between Baltimore st. and Fish Market space.
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Markets Listed in the 1835-36 City Directory
| Name |
Location |
| Centre Market
| corner of Baltimore street and Marsh Market Space, opposite of Harrison street
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| Lexington Market
| corner of Eutaw and Lexington streets, chief front on Paca street
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| Hanover Market
| Hanover, south of Pratt street
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| Fell's Point Market
| Market street, Fell's Point, between Thames and Alice Anna street
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| Bel-Air Market
| situated on North Gay street, between Gay and Low streets
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| Horse Market
| Swan street, between Market Space and the Falls
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| Fish Market
| Fish Market Space, running from Centre Market Space to the Falls
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| Richmond Market
| Richmond street
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